★精品文档★2016 全新精品资料-全新公文范文 -全程指导写作 –独家原创 1 / 11布什 911 演讲稿布什 911 演说词的语言艺术分析作者：毕俊峰来源：《云南教育·高等教育研究》2013 年第 02 期摘要：英语演说词历来受到外语学习者的重视，许多演说词被认为是文学佳作本文运用系统功能语言学理论，从语言的概念功能、人际功能和语篇功能三个方面对美国前总统布什的 911 演说词进行分析，揭示了该演说辞的艺术特色和写作技巧，为广大英语学习者提供启示 关键词：语言的概念功能 人际功能 语篇功能 1 语言的纯理功能分析 Halliday 认为，语篇是在一定的情景语境中产生的，所以语篇受制于情景语境，情景语境的三个变项是：话语范围、话语基调和话语方式 Thompson 指出语言的情景语境变项与语言的三大纯理功能密切相关语言的三大纯理功能是指概念功能、人际功能和语篇功能，它们分别受到话语范围、话语基调和话语方式的支配因此，人们可以从情景语境出发对语篇的语义特征和语言形式作出有据可循的预测本文将选取布什 911演说中一些具有代表性的语句进行语言的纯理功能分析 概念功能分析 Halliday 和 Hasan 认为：“概念功能是指语言对人们在现实世界中的各种经历的表达，它体现在语法中的及物性系统和名词”及物性系统包括六个不同的过程：“物质过程、心理过程、关系过程、行为过程、言语过程和存在过程，以及与各种过程有关的参与者和环境成分”★精品文档★2016 全新精品资料-全新公文范文 -全程指导写作 –独家原创 2 / 11在布什的这篇演说中，最明显的是物质过程和关系过程，这与该语篇的特点有关，下面将对这两个过程进行分析 物质过程物质过程是某人做某事的过程，包括动作者、动作目标和动作过程 Hodge 和 Kress 将动作过程分为执行性和非执行性两种，也就是我们常说的主动语态和被动语态如果说话者要突出动作的实施者，要使用执行性动作过程，如果说话者要隐藏动作实施者，则要使用非执行性动作过程为了突出恐怖分子是 911 事件实施者的目的，布什在演说中使用了大量执行性动作过程的句子，句中的动词都带有强烈的贬义色彩如：They plot evil and destruction so as to kill Christians and Jews， to kill all Americans.然而，当布什提到美国政府即将采取的行动时，他的用词却明显带有褒义，目的是为了塑造其坚决果断的形象，以获得民众的支持如：We will take defensive measures against terrorism to protect Americans. But the only way to defeat terrorism as a threat to our way of life is to stop it， eliminate it， and destroy it where it grows.以上一系列动词的使用，增强了该演说语篇的概念功能，语言层层递进，充满音韵之美和节奏感，目的是要向听众介绍美国下一步将采取的行动 Good evening.Today, our fellow citizens, our way of life, our very freedom came under attack in a ★精品文档★2016 全新精品资料-全新公文范文 -全程指导写作 –独家原创 3 / 11series of deliberate and deadly terrorist acts. The victims were in airplanes or in their offices -- secretaries, businessmen and women, military and federal workers. Moms and dads. Friends and neighbors.Thousands of lives were suddenly ended by evil, despicable acts of terror. The pictures of airplanes flying into buildings, fires burning, huge structures collapsing, have filled us with disbelief, terrible sadness and a quiet, unyielding anger. These acts of mass murder were intended to frighten our nation into chaos and retreat. But they have failed. Our country is strong. A great people has been moved to defend a great nation. Terrorist attacks can shake the foundations of our biggest buildings, but they cannot touch the foundation of America. These acts shatter steel, but they cannot dent the steel of American resolve. America was targeted for attack because we’re the brightest beacon for freedom and opportunity in the world. And no one will keep that light from shining. Today, our nation saw evil, the very worst of human nature, and we responded with the best of America, ★精品文档★2016 全新精品资料-全新公文范文 -全程指导写作 –独家原创 4 / 11with the daring of our rescue workers, with the caring for strangers and neighbors who came to give blood and help in any way they could. Immediately following the first attack, I implemented our government’s emergency response plans. Our military is powerful, and it’s prepared. Our emergency teams are working in New York City and Washington, , to help with local rescue efforts. Our first priority is to get help to those who have been injured and to take every precaution to protect our citizens at home and around the world from further attacks. The functions of our government continue without interruption. Federal agencies in Washington which had to be evacuated today are reopening for essential personnel tonight and will be open for business tomorrow. Our financial institutions remain strong, and the American economy will be open for business as well. The search is underway for those who are behind these evil acts. I’ve directed the full resources for our intelligence and law enforcement communities to find those responsible and bring ★精品文档★2016 全新精品资料-全新公文范文 -全程指导写作 –独家原创 5 / 11them to justice. We will make no distinction between the terrorists who committed these acts and those who harbor them. I appreciate so very much the members of Congress who have joined me in strongly condemning these attacks. And on behalf of the American people, I thank the many world leaders who have called to offer their condolences and assistance. America and our friends and allies join with all those who want peace and security in the world and we stand together to win the war against terrorism. Tonight I ask for your prayers for all those who grieve, for the children whose worlds have been shattered, for all whose sense of safety and security has been threatened. And I pray they will be comforted by a power greater than any of us spoken through the ages in Psalm 23: “Even though I walk through the valley of the shadow of death, I fear no evil, for You are with me.” This is a day when all Americans from every walk of life unite in our resolve for justice and peace. America has stood down enemies before, and we will 。