第六讲：准解题—词义猜测题（“义”由“境”生莫忘记）题型特点常见设问方式词义猜测题着重考查考生利用同义或反 义关系、构词法、语法和语篇文脉等理解生 词的能力主要通过以下两点进行考查：1•要求根据阅读材料，结合考生应有的常识和 经验判断生词、词组或者熟词在特定语境中 的含义以及一些句子的意思；2•代词指代题也是词义猜测的常考类型•The word “..." refers to/probably means•The underlined word “..." could best be replaced by .•What do you think the expression “..." stands for？•By saying “..." the author means .•“•••” as used in the passage, can best be defined as .•Which of the following words can take the place of the word “..."？怎么解——活用 5大猜词技法要做好词义猜测题，考生必须熟练掌握《普通高中英语课程标准》规定的词汇，在平时 的训练中还要注意积累生词和短语，掌握构词法的基本知识，对于各种前、后缀的变化形式 了然于心，还要学会根据上下文语意进行合理推测，掌握一定的解题技巧。
下面介绍 5种行之有效的猜词技法，希望对考生提高阅读理解中词义猜测题的解题能力 有所帮助技法（一）利用上下文线索猜测词义1．重述作者为了使某一复杂难懂的词或术语的含义更清楚，通常会使用常用、简明的词或词组 对其进行解释，这就是重述重述部分通过逗号（有时也使用破折号、冒号、分号或括号）与 句子的其他部分隔开或用信号词引导常见的信号词语有：or, namely, that is, in other words, that is to say, to be more exact, to put in another way 等[典例]（2019・全国卷III阅读B）[4]“China is impossible to overlook，” says Hill.“Chinese models are the faces of beauty and fashion campaigns that sell dreams to women all over the world, which means Chinese women are not just consumers of fashion — they are central to its movement. ” Of course, not only are today's top Western designers being influenced by China — some of the best designers of contemporary fashion are themselves Chinese.“Vera Wang, Alexander Wang, Jason Wu are taking_on Galliano, Albaz, Marc Jacobs 一 and beating them hands down in design and sales，” adds Hill.26．What do the underlined words “taking on” in paragraph 4 mean?A．learning from B．looking down onC．working with D．competing against分析：画线词汇所在的句子中有破折号，而画线词汇又位于破折号之前，因此，须特别 注意破折号后面的内容，破折号后的内容是对前文的补充说明。
根据画线词汇所在句的内容 可知，三位中国最优秀的时装设计者在设计和销量方面击败了三位顶尖西方设计师，据此可 推知，take on在该句中应表示“与 较量”，故选D项2．定义作者有时会通过给某些词汇下定义来帮助读者理解词义，尤其在一些科普类、社科类及 与专业内容相关的文章中此时，常使用的信号词语有:i.e., is, are, is/are called, mean, refer to, known as 等典例（北京高考阅读 C） Transparent animals let light pass through their bodies the same way light passes through a window.分析通过本句中的定义“the same way light passes through a window"可知，transparent 应意为“透明的”3．举例有时，画线词后会跟有一些具体的例子，这些例子能帮助考生理解该词的词义此时常出现的信号词语有: such as, such ...as, for example, for instance, like, including, especially 等。
典例（全国卷 III 阅读 D） Readers also tended to share articles that were exciting or fUnny, or that inspired negative feelings like anger or anxiety, but not articles that left them merely sad.分析根据画线词后的举例“like anger or anxiety"可推知，画线部分的意思应是“消 极的”4．同义词或近义词在同一句、同一段或同一篇文章中，作者为了避免语言的单调、重复，有时会使用意思 相同或相近的词因此，考生只要读懂上下文，知道其中一个词的意思，就能猜出另外一个 词的意思[典例](2018・全国卷III阅读D)[1] Adults understand what it feels like to be flooded with objects.Why do we often assume that more_is_more when it comes to kids and their belongings? The good news is that I can help my own kids learn earlier than I did how to live more with less.32．What do the words “more is more” in paragraph 1 probably mean?A．The more, the better.B．Enough is enough.C．More money, more worries.D．Earn more and spend more.分析：根据第一句 “Adults understand what it feels like to be flooded with objects."和画线短 语后的“when it comes to kids and their belongings"可知，这里的 more is more 与前面的 flooded with同义，成年人明白到处堆满物品是什么感觉，但当提及孩子和他们的物品时，为什么我 们总是认为越多越好呢？故选A项。
5．反义词有时作者会用表示对比或转折的信号词连接意思相反的两个词或句子，这时就可根据反 义词线索猜测词义表示对比或反义的信号词/词组常见的有：(whether ...) or, unlike, but, yet, however, while, although, nevertheless, instead, rather than, in contrast, on the contrary, on the other hand 等典例（2020・新高考全国卷丨阅读 D）[l] According to a recent study in the Journal of Consumer Research, both the size and consumption habits of our eating companions can influence our food intake. And contrary to existing research that says you should avoid eating with heavier people who order large portions （份），it's the beanpoles with big appetites you really need to avoid.13.What does the underlined word “beanpoles" in paragraph 1 refer to?A.Big eaters. B. Overweight persons.C.Picky eaters. D. Tall thin persons.分析根据画线词所在句的前半句 “And contrary to existing research that says you should avoid eating with heavier people who order large portions （ 份）" 可知，现有的研究认 为：你应该避免和体重较重、点大份饭菜的人一起吃饭。
后半句认为，你真正应该 避免的是 the beanpoles with big appetites□由 contrary to 可推断出.画 线词和 heavier people （超重的人）意义相反，结合选项，D选项（又瘦又高的人）和heavier people正 好相反故选Do6．代词在平时的学习中，熟悉代词的含义十分重要在文章的具体语境中常出现的代词有:it, this, that, he, them, they, one, those 等一般来讲 it/this/that 指代一件事；it/he/them/they/one/ those 可指代上文提到的人或事[典例]（2020•新高考全国卷I阅读C）[1] In the mid1990s, Tom Bissell taught English as a volunteer in Uzbekistan.He left after seven months, physically broken and having lost his mind.A few years later, still attracted to the country, he returned to Uzbekistan to write an article about the disappearance of the Aral Sea.[2] His visit, however, ended up involving a lot more than that.Hence this book, Chasing the Sea: Lost Among the Ghosts of Empire in Central Asia, which talks about a road trip from Tashkent to Karakalpakstan, where millions of lives have。