间接引语和直接引语一、概述直接引语和间接引语的定义：①直接引语：用引号 “ ”一字不差地引出别人的原话→直接引语.②间接引语:不用引号,用自己的话把别人的话转述出来.试判断: He said, “I am a student.” He said he was a student.二：直接引语变为间接引语的方法及规律:总的说来,从直接引语变为间接引语需要的改动有:①句型的变化;②人称的变化;③时态的变化;④时间状语的变化;⑤指示代词的变化;⑥地点状语的变化.下面将逐一详解各种变化的规则:1．句型的变化.⑴当直接引语是陈述句当直接引语是陈述句时，改为由that引导的宾语从句.（that在口语中经常被省略）例1: “I like reading stories.” said John.→John said (that) he like reading stories.⑵当直接引语是一般疑问句直接引语如果是一般疑问句，变为间接引语时，要用连词whether或if来引导，宾语从句用陈述句语序主句中的谓语动词是said时，要改为asked, 没有间接宾语时，可以加一个间接宾语如me, him或us等。
例2：She said, “Are you interested in English?”→She asked me if / whether I was interested in English.例3：Jack said, “Did you see Wei Fang last night?”→Jack asked (me) whether / if I had seen Wei Fang the night before.⑶当直接引语是特殊疑问句直接引语如果是特殊疑问句，变为间接引语时，宾语从句中要用原来的特殊疑问词接陈述句语序例4:He asked me, “Where have you bought the pen?” →He asked me where I had bought the pen.例5:She said to Li Ping, “When will you fly to Hang Zhou?”→She asked Li Ping when he would fly to Hang Zhou.⑷当直接引语是选择疑问句 直接引语如果是选择疑问句，变为间接引语时，宾语从句要用if / whether … or …结构。
例6:Andrews said, “Will you go shopping or play basketball this afternoon?”→Andrews asked me if / whether I would go shopping or play basketball this afternoon.⑸当直接引语是反意疑问句直接引语如果是反意疑问句，变为间接引语时，宾语从句要用whether … or not结构，不能用if … or not结构例7：“You are doing your homework, aren’t you?” she said to me.→She asked me whether I was doing my homework or not.★★★如何正确使用whether与if:(√) I don’t care if he doesn’t come. 他不来我不在乎．(√) I don’t care whether he comes. 他来不来我不在乎．(×) I don’t care whether he doesn’t come. →whether从句不能用于否定．(√) I don’t care whether he comes or not. 他来不来我不在乎．(√) I don’t care whether or not he comes. 他来不来我不在乎．→一般情况下，句子中有or not时多用whether，特别是口语中，如果or not出现在句末，那么只能用whether.⑹当直接引语是祈使句转述祈使句时，要将祈使句的动词原形变为带to的不定式，如果是带please的祈使句，则用ask sb. to do sth.结构；如果是表示命令的祈使句，则用tell / order sb. to do sth.结构。
如果祈使句为否定式，则要用ask / tell / order sb. not to do sth.结构例8:The mother said to her son, “Please close the door.” →The mother asked her son to close the door.例9:The teacher said, “Don’t make so much noise, boys and girls.”→The teacher told the boys and girls not to make so much noise.例10:He said to me, “Bring your dictionary here.”→He told me to take my dictionary there.★★★直接引语如果是以“Let's”开头的祈使句，变为间接引语时，通常用“suggest +动句词（或从句）加以转述 例11: He said, “Let’s go to the film.” →He suggested going to the film.或He suggested that they should go to see the film. 例12: "Would you mind opening the window?" he asked.→He asked me to open the window.例13:"Why don't you take a walk after supper?" he asked .→he advised me to take a walk after supper.例14:"Shall we listen to the music?" he asked.→He suggested listening to the music.⑺当直接引语是感叹句 直接引语是感叹句间接引语为what 或how 引导，也可以用that 引导。
例15：She said, "What a lovely day it is !" →She said what a lovely day it was.或She said that it was a lovely day.2．人称的变化“一主，二宾，三不变只变人称不变数和格 ⑴. “一主”是指在直接引语变间接引语时，如果从句中的主语是第一人称或被第一人称所修饰，从句中的人称要按照主句中主语的人称变化而变化 例16：She said，“I like it very much. ” →She said (that) she liked it very much. ⑵. “二宾”是指直接引语变间接引语时，若从句中的主语及宾语是第二人称，或被第二人称“你”所修饰，从句中的人称要跟引号外的主句的宾语一致如果引号外的主句没有宾语，也可以用第一人称 例17：He said to Kate， “How is your sister now?” →He asked Kate how her sister was then. ⑶. “三不变”是指直接引语变间接引语时，如果从句中的主语及宾语是第三人称或被第三人称所修饰，从句中的人称一般不需要变化。
例18：Mr. Smith said， “Jack is a good worker.” →Mr. Smith said Jack was a good worker. 3．时态的变化如主句的谓语动词为现在时态范畴，间接引语中的时态一般不作变化；但如果主句的谓语动词为过去时态范畴，则间接引语多改用相应的过去时态其规律见下表：直接引语间接引语一般现在时一般过去时现在完成时过去完成时过去完成时过去完成时现在进行时过去进行时一般过去时过去完成时一般将来时过去将来时 例19：She said. "I have lost a pen."→She said she had lost a pen. 例20：She said. "We hope so."→She said they hoped so. 例21：She said. "He will go to see his friend."→She said he would go to see his friend.★★★★★要注意在以下几种情况下在直接引语变为间接引语时，时态一般不变化① 直接引语是客观真理"The earth moves around the sun and the moon moves around the earth." the teacher told me.→ The teacher told me the earth moves around the sun and the moon moves around the earth.② 直接引语是过去进行时，时态不变。
如：Jack said. "John, where were you going when I met you in the street? "→Jack asked John where he was going when he met him in the street.③ 直接引语中有具体的过去某年、某月、某日作状语，变为间接引语时，时态不变如：Xiao Wang said. "I was born on April 2l, 1980." →Xiao Wang said he was born on April 20, 1980.④ 直接引语如果是一般现在时表示一种反复出现或习惯性的动作，变间接引语，时态不变如：He said, "I get up at six every morning." →He said he gets up at six every morning.⑤ 如果直接引语中的情态动词没有过去时的形式（例：ought to， had better, used to)和已经是过去时的形式时，（例：could, should, would, might）不再变如：Peter said. "You had better come have today." →Peter said I had better go there that day.4．时间状语、指示代词、地点或方向状语的变化时间状语由“现在”改为“原来”（例：now变为then, yesterday。
变为 the day before） 例22：The teacher said, “I’ll give you an exam tomorrow.” →The teacher said he would give us an exam the。