Unit 1 Art 1.art 与与 arts 的用法区别的用法区别 •1. art 表示“艺术”“美术”等，有时可数，有时不可数，注意以下用法：•(1) 原指绘画、雕塑、雕刻等传统艺术，但现在也有人用它指电视、电影等现代艺术，为不可数名词如：•Do you like modern art? 你喜欢现代艺术吗?•Can we call television art? 我们能把电视称作艺术吗？•(2) 表示“艺术作品”“美术作品”，也不可数如：•Are these films art or entertainment? 这些电影是艺术片还是娱乐片?•若指一件或几件艺术作品，通常借助单位词work如：•This tapestry is a work of art. 这张挂毯是件艺术品 •(3) 表示“美术活动”“艺术活动”，也不可数如：•She devotes her spare time to her art. 她把业余时间都用在美术上•(4) 表示艺术的门类，可用作可数名词如：•Drama is an art that is traditionally performed in a theatre. 戏剧是一门传统上在剧院表演的艺术。
•(5) 统指包括美术、音乐、电影、戏剧、舞蹈等在内的“艺术”，通常用复数形式，且要连用定冠词如：•She is a patron of the arts and gives money to support the symphony. 她支持艺术事业并出资赞助这个交响乐团 •2. art 表示包括历史、文学、语言等非自然科学学科的“文科”“人文科学”，通常要用复数形式如：•She’s a Master of Arts. 她有文学硕士学位•History is one of the arts. 历史是一门人文学科•Should the new department form part of the Faculty of Arts? 这个新的系属文学院吗? •与“文科”相对的是“理科”，英语用sciences表示如：•I attended the College of Arts and Sciences at New York University. 我进入纽约大学的文理学院学习 •3. 表示具体做某事所需要的“技术”“技艺”“诀窍”等，注意以下用法：•(1) 为可数名词，且通常用单数形式。
如：•Getting him to go out is quite an art. 要使他出去可得有一点技巧•Threading a needle is an art in itself. 穿针引线本身就是一种技巧 •(2) 表示做某事的技巧，其后通常接of doing sth如：•It’s one of the arts of living. 这是生活的一种艺术•I’ve never mastered the art of making bread. 我一直没有掌握制作面包的技巧•但是，在(there is) an art to doing sth中，习惯上用介词to如：•There’s an art to parking this truck. 停这辆卡车有一个窍门•There’s quite an art to flipping pancakes. 翻烙饼很有讲究•有时也说(there is) an art in doing sth，但用in不如用to普通如：•There is a special art in [to] knowing when to give up. 懂得该在什么时候罢休是一种特别的本事。
•2. painting n.(油，水彩) 画 • paint v.（用颜料）画 • drawing n.(素描) 画 • draw v.（用线条）勾画 •3.abstract adj.抽象的，深奥的 • n.摘要（of） v.摘录，提取，分离（from）an abstract painting 抽象画 •abstract noun 抽象名词abstract…from…从…中提取in the abstract 抽象地，一般性地•Beauty is abstract but a house is not.Salt can be abstracted from sea water.I like dogs in the abstract, but I can’t bear this one. •4. influence •v.& n. 影响（力）；有影响（之人或物）•have an influence on/upon… 对…有影响have influence over/with… 对…有影响力under the influence of 受…所影响，受…所左右•The weather in summer influences the rice crops.He has no influence over his children. •5. consequently adv. 所以；因而(as a result) consequent adj. 作为结果的；随之发生的；由..引起（on）consequence n.结果；后果；重要性as a consequence of 作为…的结果 in consequence of 作为…的结果be of no consequence to sb. 对…无关紧要take/bear/suffer the consequence of one’s action 承担行动的后果 •As a/In consequence of your laziness and rudeness, I am forced to dismiss you. 由于你的懒惰和粗野，我不得不辞退你。
It’s of no consequence to me. You made the wrong decision, and now you must take the consequences. Severe flooding was consequent on the heavy rain. 大洪水是由大雨所致 •6. …the main aim of painters was to represent religious themes.(不定式作表语)aim n.目标；目的；瞄准 v.瞄准；努力 •aimless adj. 没有目标take aim at 瞄准achieve one’s aim 达到某人的目标aim to do sth. 意欲/力求做某事aim (sth.) at sb./sth. （用某物）瞄准某人/某物be aimed at 目标是；目的是•What’s your aim in life? 你人生的目标是什么？He aimed the gun at a bird. 他用枪瞄准鸟 •7. value n.价值；（pl.）价值观 v.给…估价be of great(some, little, no) value to… •对…有很大（一些，几乎没有，没有）价值put great value on sth. 认为某事十分有益go up/rise/increase in value 升值go down/fall/drop in value 贬值cultural/social/moral values 文化/社会/道德观念•valuable adj. 有价值的；重要的 valueless adj. (worthless) • invaluable adj. (priceless) •8. take the place of 替代，取代（replace）take one’s place 入座，就位（当one与主语指同一人时）；代替某人的职位in the place of 代替；取代（instead of）take place 发生；被举行（无变动）eg. •Please take your place. •From now on I will take the place of Mr. Li as chairman of the meeting. •9. possession n. 所有；占有；（pl.）所有物；财产 possess v.占有；拥有possessor n. 所有人；持有人personal possessions 个人财产in possession of 占有；拥有；持有 (主语是人，拥有某物)in sb’s possession/in the possession of sb. 为某人所有； 在某人的控制下(主语是物，为某人所有)come into possession of sth. / • take possession of sth. 占有某物 •eg. He was found in possession of some dangerous drugs.== Some dangerous drugs were found in the possession of him / in his possession.eg. The soldiers took possession of the enemy’s base. •10. in perspective 用透视画法 •perspective n. 透视画法；透视图；观点 •11. convince vt 使确信；使信服convince sb. to do sth. 说服某人做某事convince sb. of sth. / that- 使某人相信be convinced. of sth. / that- 相信eg. •It took many hours to convince John of his wife’s mistake. We convinced Anne to go by train rather than plane.It’s hard to convince my family that we can’t afford a new carI am convinced that he is telling the truth. •12. a great deal 大量；很多（a lot, much）修饰不’ •much •a great amount of •a great/good deal of •修饰可’ • a large/great number of • large/great numbers of • scores of(几十)• dozens of(几十) • a great/good many • 修饰可’+不’• a lot of/lots of•a large quantity of• large quantities of•plenty of •13. mostly adv. 大部分地；主要地（mainly, largely）most n.大部分；最大程度（作主，宾） adj. 大多数的（表） adv. 最，极其，非常（状）eg. •Most students say that it is a most (a very) interesting book, but it isn’t the most (最高级)interesting they’ve read, and that they read such books mostly on weekends. . •14. be accepted as… 被认为是… •15. scores of 许多的；大量的；几十的（修饰复数名词时，不与数词连用）eg. I have been there scores of times.•score n. （比赛）比分；（测试）分数；二十three score (of) years 六十年 •(表示“二十”时与数词连用，不加s)scores of years 许多年与dozen用法类似 •16. attempt vt.& n. 尝试；努力；企图 (attempt比try更正式,且attempt 暗含不成功)attempt a difficult problem 试着解答难题attempt to do sth 试图做某事make an attempt to do/at doing sth. 试图做某事 •17. •on the other hand 另一方面，反过来说（状）on (the) one hand 一方面on hand 现有的，手头上的，即将发生的 •18•. historical adj. 历史（上）的；史学的 historic adj. 历史性的；具有历史意义的 •a historical event 历史事件 •a historic event 历史性事件 •19. worth adj. 值得的，价值为eg. This pen is worth five yuan.eg. I think his suggestion is well worth considering. (很值得的用well 修饰)It is worth sb’s while / worthwhile to do sth. /doing sth.be worth doingbe worthy of doing / to be done•eg. This book is worth reading.eg. This book is worthy of reading / to be read •21. exhibition n.展览，陈列；展览会hold an exhibition on exhibition/show/display •22•every two years•=every other year=every second year•every + 基数词 +复数名词every + 序数词 + 单数名词every few +复数名词every three days=every third day •23表示喜好：prefer n.prefer to do sth.prefer doing sth.prefer + n./doing sth. + to + n./doing sth.prefer to do sth. rather than do sth. •= would rather do sth. than do sth. 。