IPA &KK 对照表对照表IPA:国际音标 48 个 元音:20 个,辅音:28 个 区别区别:1 书写形式的不同.如:i: (IPA)------i (K.K.) 等.2.发音的个别不同.美式中加入卷舌音,而英式中没有卷舌音.如 ə:(IPA)------ɝ (K.K.)3.此表中在最末加上了几个常见特殊的组合音标发音口形发音口形发此音的字母或字母组合及例举单词发此音的字母或字母组合及例举单词IP AKK备注:轻松音简写“轻” ,紧张音简写“紧” 舌抵下齿简写“↘”抵上齿“↗” 舌后缩简写“←” 发音口形主要是讲解 KK 音标双元音(KK 中称双母音)发音时要做到非常连贯 i:i紧,长衣,↘,面带微笑e, ee, ea, ie,y me, sea, piece, bee,lady iı轻,短衣,↘,唇微张开i, y, esit, happy, decide前元音u:u紧,长乌,←,圆唇外突oo, o, ue, ui,ew flew ,cool, fruit, true, do uυ轻,短乌,←,稍圆且松oo, ou, o, u ,look, could, put, wolf ɔ:ɔ紧,长喔,←,唇小圆突au, ou, al, aw,,author,call,law, boughtɔɔ轻,短喔,←,唇小圆突o, a, hot, wash,后元音ə:ɝ重读“儿”音,一开始就卷舌ir, ur, ear, or,bird, turn, learn, work ɚ轻读卷舌音,前舌由平向卷er, or, ar, ur, pleasure,teacher, actor,dollarəə轻读或弱读, “饿”音u,ou,o,a,i album,ago, delicious, today,direct中元音ɑr ɑ的二声的儿话音ar, farm, carɑ:ɑ紧,啊音,a,calm后元音ʌʌ轻 ↘ 短啊四声 唇微开向两边u, o, ou, oo,luck,love,trouble,flood中元音 eie口由半开到合 嘴角咧到耳朵a, ay, ea, ey, ai,eigh ,say, cake, great, rain合口双元音 eε小开口 45 度音e, a, ea,set, head, many ææ紧,↘,嘴张大,嘴角向两a, fat前元音双元音双元音 ɑiɑı饱满“阿姨”音 口由开到合i, y, igh,ie high, line, fly,die əuo口形由半开到小,发“呕”音o, ow, oa,oe no, know, boat,toe ɑu ɑυ口形由大到小 发“嗷”音ou, ow, house, cow ɔiɔı唇由圆到扁,←,oy, oi,boy, oil, noise合口双元音υəυr唇由圆到半开,短乌卷舌音ure, oor, our, sure, poor, tour iəır唇始终半开,短衣卷舌音eer, ere, ear, ier,deer, here,year, fierce eəɛr↘ 唇始终半开 舌由平到卷ear, air, are, erebear, fare, there, fair ɔr短喔的儿化音,←our, or, ore,four, lord, more, store,集中双元音特例补充(特例补充(KK 音标)音标) juu, ew, student, new, ɔŋong,song, long twtw,twin, twenty ƙsx,box, fox dwdw,dwell, dwarf kwqu, question, quickk 和 n 在词首的组合时,k 不发音2012.5.1 wuzhangwei备注类型pp气流冲破紧闭的双唇且无声p, pen, bag(n,s,t 之前不发音) bb气流冲破紧闭的双唇声带震动b,bite.(在 t 或 m 前不发音)气破双唇音(爆破音)tt舌尖抵上齿龈弹开舌头且无声t, tw,tear, fit, two dd同上,但声带必须震动d,dark, afford舌尖齿龈气音(爆破音)kk舌后部抵住软腭突然离开无声k,c,ch,ck,lk cock king, cake, school, box, gg同上,但声带必须震动g,gh(词首发本音 此中不发音) girl, ghost气破舌根软鄂音(爆破音)ff上齿触下唇,气流从此出无声f,ff,gh,ph,lf face,off,laugh, phone,shelf vv同上,但声带必须震动v view, cave唇齿相依摩擦音(摩擦音)ss唇微微张开 舌近上齿才出气s, c, ce, ss sick, ceilling, cell, kiss zz同上,但声带必须震动z, se, ze zoo, shoes, choose, size气通舌尖齿龈音(摩擦音)θθ上下齿轻轻咬舌尖且吐气无声th, thank, mouthðð同上,但声带必须震动th, this, the, there唯一咬舌音(摩擦音)∫∫唇收圆稍突 舌稍卷近舌无声sh, ti, ci, s,si,ssi,sci ship, motion, social, sure ӡ ӡӡ ӡ同上,但声带必须震动S,si,g pleasure, usual,vision,rouge舌端齿龈气擦音(摩擦音)hh嘴自然张开,呵气,无声h, wh, hi, who(h 在 r 或 k 之后不发音)大口喘气音(摩擦音)舌尖上卷,唇突,声带振动r,right, redrr元音后读儿四指卷舌音(摩擦音)ʧ ʧʧ ʧ双唇微张突出 舌抵上龈且吐气无声ch,t tch, church,nature, matchʤʤʤʤ同上,但声带必须震动ge,dge d j age,judge,education vegetable, join, joy气通舌尖齿龈音(破擦音)trtr唇收圆前突,舌尖抵上龈 赌气,使气从间出无声tr, tree, countrydrdr同上,但声带振动dr, dress, dry, hundredtsts舌尖抵上龈 赌气,使气从间出ts,boots, nutsdzdz同上,但声带必须震动ds, woods,元音前发“门儿”M man, name (nm 组合出现时,n 不发音)mm元音后发“嗯” ,鼻音口紧闭双唇闭嘴音(鼻音)元音前发“了”n, kn,nn nice, knife, nine,runnernn元音后发“嗯” ,鼻音口半开n can舌尖齿龈开口鼻音(鼻音)ŋŋ唇张开,舌抵下齿龈,舌后部抵软腭,鼻音,声带振动-ng, n sing, English 舌后软鄂撒娇鼻音(鼻音)ℓ元音前发“了”l,light, lose (l 在 alk,alm,alf,ould 中不 发音)舌尖齿龈清晰旁流音(舌边音) ℓł元音前发“儿”l,fall, call舌尖齿龈含糊旁流音(舌边音)ww唇缩小前突 舌后起,嘴向两边滑开,声带振动w, wh wet, window, when, what (w 和 r 组合出现在词首时,w 不发音)圆唇突出短我音(半元音)jj做呈微笑状,舌尖抵下齿,舌Y,i year, yell,onion双唇扁平短爷音(半元音)面贴上腭,声带振动。