单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,科技英语翻译的基本方法和技巧,减译法,所谓减词法，就是指在把英语译成汉语时，把英语原文中的某些词或某些成分减去不译一般说来，减译的原因有以下几个方面：,1.有些词在英语中用得非常普遍，但在汉语中却很少使用，甚至根本不用；,2.由于英汉两种语言用词造句的方式以及句法结构上的不同，有些在英语里看来是必不可少的词，译成汉语时就不一定非译出不可,3.原文里某些词或成分如一一译出，会使译文显得生硬、累赘，甚至可能造成译文在逻辑上或修辞上不符合汉语习惯第一节 虚词的减译,一、冠词的减译,A,mixture differs from,a,chemical compound.,混合物不同于化合物,The former type is known as,a,journal bearing轴颈轴承,and the latter type as,a,thrust bearing推力轴承.,前一种称为轴颈轴承，后一种称为推力轴承Any substance is made up of atoms whether it is,a,solid,a,liquid,or,a,gas.,任何物质，无论它是固体、液体或气体，都是由原子构成的。
Because,the,bodys defence system is damaged,the,patient has little ability to fight off many other diseases.,由于人体的免疫系统遭到破坏，病人几乎没有什么能力来抵抗许许多多其他疾病的侵袭The,atom is,the,smallest particle of an element.,原子是元素的最小粒子Human beings and,the,great apes had a common ancestor about 5 million years ago.,大约,500,万年以前，人类和类人猿拥有共同的祖先Other scientists,however,are afraid that,the,world may become too hot for human life.,而有些科学家则担心地球会升温，使人类无法生存用在固定词组和固定搭配的冠词一般都应减去不译例如：,As a consequence,In a few words,On an average,By the way,In the end,冠词如果具有明显的数词概念、或与单数可数名词连用，标识单位数量时，一般必须译出；定冠词在起着特指某具体事物的作用时（相当于this,that），通常必须译出。
Many millions of the fragments from a shooting star enter our atmosphere in the course of,a,day.,一天,之内有数以百万计的流星碎片进入地球大气层The,day will come when man can discover more secrets of the universe.,人类发现更多的宇宙奥秘的,那一天,就要来临二、介词的减译,In,1980 weapons transfers amounted to perhaps$120 billion,in,the world.,在1980年，全世界的武器交易额约达一千二百亿美元之多There are many kinds of bacteria which vary,in,shape and,in,size.,细菌有多种，形状和大小各不相同介词也有不减译的情况：,From freezing to boiling is 180 degrees on the Fahrenheit.,在华氏表上，从冰点到沸点是180度There is no easy answer,with,meningitis.,脑膜炎不易治疗。
Acupuncture appears most promising,for,treating chronic musculoskeletal pain.,针灸最适合用于治疗慢性肌与骨骼疼痛The instrument has worked well,for,six hours.,这台仪器已经正常工作,6,小时The density of air varies directly as pressure,with,temperature being constant.,温度不变，空气的密度和压力成正比The temperature of the liquid is raised,by,the application of heat.,加热可以提高液体温度连词的减译,并列连词,This system is totally enclosed,and,prevents air pollution from dust particles or gases.,此系统为全封闭式，能防止尘粒或烟气污染大气Some methods of measurement are direct,bu,t,others are indirect.,有些测量方法是直接的，有些是间接的。
Men have known,that,smallpox is caused by a virus.,As,has been found there are more than a hundred elements.,The patient has a fracture,so,he was admitted to the hospital this morning.,The salts of carbonic acid,or,the carbonates,can be prepared by adding alkali to such aqueous solutions.,人们知道天花是由病毒引起的已经发现，元素有一百多种病人患上骨折，今天上午获准入院碳酸盐能通过往这种水溶液中添加强碱而制得2,、物主代词的减译：,Different metals differ in,their,conductivity.,不同的金属具有不同的导电性能The process of separating a metal from,its,ore is called smelting.,从矿石中分离金属的过程称为冶炼。
Newton wasted much time on the theological studies toward the end of,his,life.,牛顿晚年在神学研究上浪费了很多时间,3,、指示代词的减译,The volume of the sun is about 1,300,000 times,that,of the earth.,太阳的体积约为地球的130万倍The chemical properties of helium differ from,those,of hydrogen.,氦的化学特性不同于氢,4、反身代词的减译,A gas distributed,itself,uniformly through a container.,气体均匀地分布在整个容器中The desert animals can hide,themselves,from the heat during the daytime.,沙漠中兽类能躲避白天的炎热天气Aluminum alloy,has,low specific electrical resistance and high thermal conductivity.,In the case of a possible accident,the machine,comes,to a halt immediately upon the operators direction.,The Pacific alone,covers,an area larger than that of all the continents put together.,Evidently semiconductors,have,a lesser conducting capacity than metals.,铝合金的电阻很低，而导热性很强。
一旦发生事故，只要操作人员一发指令，机器就立刻停下来仅仅太平洋的面积就比所有的大陆面积的总和还要大显然，半导体的导电能力比金属差三、引导词的,减译,1.,引导词,there,的减译,There are many kinds of atoms,differing in both mass and properties.,原子种类很多，质量与性质都不相同There is a rapidly increasing range of uses for electronic computers.,电子计算机的应用范围正在迅速扩大There are serious philosophical problems created by the Big Bang,which can not be explained.,“,创世大爆炸”引起一些严重的哲学问题我们对这些问题很难做出解释There are some chemical fuels that are clean and smokeless.,有些化学燃料洁净无烟There are many methods by which gastric resection may be accomplished.,胃切除可以用许多方法。
2.,引导词,it,的减译,It takes a year for the earth to go around the sun.,地球绕太阳一周需用一年的时间It is the gravitation which makes the satellites move round the earth.,地球引力使卫星绕地球运行It is demonstrated that it takes a year for the earth to go around the sun.,已经证实，地球绕太阳转一周需要一年的时间Perhaps it was the isolation of the remote field of animal husbandry that fostered his originality.,也许是因为他远离尘嚣从事饲养业使他具有独创能力Heat from the sun makes it possible for plants to grow.,来自太阳的热使植物生长成为可能第三节 逻辑减译,由于英汉两种语言的使用习惯不同，词语的含义范围和表现能力也不同，在加上英美人和中国人的思维习惯也不尽一致，所以有的英语句子虽然本身逻辑上是通的，但若一字不漏的译成汉语，译文在逻辑上会重复和多余，甚至有悖于事理。
This treatment did not produce any,harmful,side effect.,这种治疗方法并没有产生任何副作用The fresh nectar蜜poured out of the,body,of the bee contains 80 per cent of water.,蜜蜂吐出的新鲜花蜜含有80%的水分A jet plane rushes,through the sky,so fast that the noise its engine makes is left behind.,喷气式飞机飞得很快，其引擎发出的声响被留在后面。