河北工业大学硕士学位论文 Cu-Al-Mn-Ti(Zn)系形状记忆合金组织和性能的研究 Cu-Al-Mn-Ti(Zn)系形状记忆合金组织和性能的研究 摘摘 要要 本文研究了 Cu-24Al-3Mn-2Ti(%,摩尔百分比)和 Cu-23Al-2Mn-3Ti-2Zn(%,摩尔百分比)形状记忆合金在时效和热循环热处理条件下的抗高温时效性能和抗热疲劳性能,并利用扫描电镜(SEM) 、投射电镜(TEM) 、X 射线衍射等现代测试方法,对 Cu-24Al-3Mn-2Ti(%,摩尔百分比)合金和 Cu-23Al-2Mn-3Ti-2Zn(%,摩尔百分比)合金的显微组织、亚结构和晶体结构进行了分析 研究结果表明:时效和热循环对合金的形状记忆效应产生很大的影响随着时效时间的升高和时效温度的延长,形状回复率基本上都呈 现先下降后上升规律性的变化,Cu-24Al-3Mn-2Ti(%,摩尔百分比)合金在 400℃时效不同时间后的记忆效应很好,基本上保持较高恢复率 94.8%以上 形状回复率则随着热循环次数的增加而降低, Cu-24Al-3Mn-2Ti (%,摩尔百分比)合金在室温和 400℃进行 200 次的热循环后,形状记忆效应基本保持在 91.43%以上。
由此可见,Cu-24Al-3Mn-2Ti(%,摩尔百分比)合金具有很好的耐热稳定性 Cu-24Al-3Mn-2Ti(%,摩尔百分比)合金和 Cu-23Al-2Mn-3Ti-2Zn(%,摩尔百分比)合金经 900℃×10min(淬水至室温)后的合金组织主要为以体心立方结构的 AlCu3 为基体的板条马氏体,晶内及晶界处分布着大量由于不平衡结晶而析出的灰色岛状沉淀物 AlCu2Ti 相,基体上还有少量细小的银白色颗粒 Cu-Zn 固溶相出现随着时效和热循环的进行,时效和热循环使合金发生共析反应和正交化,逐渐出现共析产物白色网状 α 相(先于晶界上析出)和电子化合物γ相 Cu9Al4,且析出相附近区域的马氏体相也受到影响,变成细长针状的孪晶马氏体 Cu-24Al-3Mn-2Ti(%,摩尔百分比)合金和 Cu-23Al-2Mn-3Ti-2Zn(%,摩尔百分比)合金经 900℃×10min(淬水至室温)后的马氏体为 18R,亚结构以层错为主500℃×30min 时效后的马氏体是 18R 马氏体及 2H 马氏体的混合相,亚结构为层错和孪晶此外,不同形态的位错亚结构在晶内尤其是析出物附近大量出现 综上所述,在本文所研究的铜基形状记忆合金,具有很高的抗高温母相时效性能、抗马氏体稳定化性能及抗热疲劳性能,可以替代一些记忆合金应用到较高温度的环境中,从而扩大了铜基形状记忆合金的应用范围。
关键词:关键词:形状记忆合金,时效,热循环,形状记忆效应,形状回复率,共析反应,孪晶,层错 iCu-Al-Mn-Ti (Zn)系形状记忆合金组织和性能的研究 iiSTUDY ON MICROSTRUCTURE AND PERFORMANCE IN Cu-Al-Mn-Ti((Zn))SHAPE MEMORY ALLOYS ABSTRACT The resistance to high-temperature aging and the resistance to thermal cycling fatigue of Cu-24Al-3Mn-2Ti (atomic fraction,%)alloy and Cu-23Al-2Mn-3Ti-2Zn (atomic fraction,%) alloy have been studied in this paper.At the same time,the microstructure, substructure and crystal structure in Cu-24Al-3Mn-2Ti (atomic fraction,%)alloy and Cu-23Al-2Mn-3Ti-2Zn (atomic fraction,%) alloy are studied by means of SEM observation,TEM observation and X-ray diffraction and so on. It is shown that the aging treatment and the thermal cycling can have influences in the shape memory effect.The shape recovery ratio increases and then decreases orderly together with the aging time’s prolonging and aging temperature’s improving.The shape memory effect of Cu-24Al-3Mn-2Ti (atomic fraction,%)alloy is the best when in aging treatment at 400℃ with a shape recovery ratio higher than 94.8%.The increasing times of thermal cycling can decline the shape recovery ratio.The shape memory effect can keep being higher than 91.43% when Cu-24Al-3Mn-2Ti (atomic fraction, %) alloy is treated in thermal cycling between room temperature and 400℃ for 200times.It is known the Cu-24Al-3Mn-2Ti (atomic fraction,%)alloy has the resistance of high temperature. Having been solutionizing at 900℃ and water quenching at room temperature,this paper can now conform that the basic body of the quenching alloy exhibiting lath-shaped martensite is body-centered cubic AlCu3, with lots of grey precipitated phase AlCu2Ti distributing on basic body and grain boundary and few fine silvery white solid solution phase of Cu-Zn. By carrying out of the aging treatment and thermal cycaling,the martensite will be stabilized and take place eutectoia reaction. white reticulation α-phase which tend to be found on grain boundary and γ-phase which is electron compound Cu9Al4 appear,leading to the martensite phase closeing to the precipitate phase turn to the needle-like twin martensite.At the same time,the microstructure turns to be rougher and biger. Tt is known that the quenching martensite of Cu-24Al-3Mn-2Ti (atomic fraction,%)alloy and 河北工业大学硕士学位论文 iiiCu-23Al-2Mn-3Ti-2Zn (atomic fraction,%) alloy which having been solutionizing at 900℃ and water quenching at room temperature are mainly fault which can be signed M18R.After aging treatment at 500℃ for 30 minutes,the substructure is fault and twin which can be signed 2H.In addition,lots of different shaped dislocation come out in basic body especially around the precipitate phases. The Cu-based shape memory alloy has high resistance to high-temperature aging,stabilization of martenmasite and thermal cycling fatigue which can apply to high temperature circumstance instead of some shape memory alloy.The alloy studied in this article expend the apply range of Cu-based shape memory alloy. KEY WORDS:shape memory alloy,aging treatment,thermal cycling,shape memory effect, shape recovery ratio,eutectoia reaction,twin,fault 原创性声明原创性声明 本人郑重声明:所呈交的学位论文,是本人在导师指导下,进行研究工作所取得的成 果。
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形状记忆合金(SMA)即为一种问世不久的功能材料,这种新型合金集感知与驱动为一体,已经在国防、机械、能源等方面得到广泛的应用,发展前景非常广阔 然而,直到 1。