学学学学术术术术海海海海报设计报设计报设计报设计速成速成速成速成Effective Academic Poster DesignEffective Academic Poster DesignEffective Academic Poster DesignEffective Academic Poster Design1 内容内容•制作学制作学术术海海报报之前的准之前的准备备工作工作•学学术术海海报报的的设计设计技巧技巧•海海报报的展示的展示2 准准备备工作工作•选择选择工具工具软软件件•了解参展要求了解参展要求•组织组织和准和准备备将展示的信息将展示的信息–文字信息文字信息–图图、表、表–照片照片3 准准备备工作工作—续续•推荐使用的推荐使用的软软件工具件工具–PowerPoint•方便文字方便文字处处理，可以理，可以转转成其它格式成其它格式•注意海注意海报报的尺寸要求的尺寸要求–根据会根据会议议要求、展要求、展览览空空间间和面和面积积–一般一般120*90cm或或90*120cm•设设置位置：置位置：office2003，文件，文件/页页面面设设置置4 5 6 准准备备工作工作—续续•组织组织信息（包括文字和信息（包括文字和图图、表）、表）–把信息分成几个主要部分，即分把信息分成几个主要部分，即分块块•主主题题目（目（title））•简简介（介（introduction，，background））•提出的提出的问题问题（（problems））•目的（目的（objectives）或假）或假设设（（hypothesis））•材料和方法（材料和方法（materials and methods））•结结果（果（results））•讨论讨论（（discussions））•结论结论（（conclusions））•推推论论（（implications））–每一每一块块内容的文字表述一定要内容的文字表述一定要简练简练7 MethodsConclusionsProduction of Bio-oil by Catalytic Pyrolysis of Cyanobacteria of Taihu Lake over SO42-/Al-MCM-41B.H. Zhao , Y. Zeng , D.M. Tong , C.W. Hu* Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610064, ChinaE-mail: chwehu@; gchem@ReferencesThe preparations of SO42-/Al-MCM-41 catalysts with different ratio of Si/Al (8,10,12,15,25,36) were proceeded by the impregnation of sulfuric acid on Al-MCM-41 catalysts with same ratios. The alga was collected from Taihu Lake in China in 2010 summer.Catalytic pyrolysis of CTL was carried out at 450 °C for 2 h with the ratio of CTL/ SO42-/Al-MCM-41 is 1: 0.5 (wt%)1. Pan Pan et al. The direct pyrolysis and catalytic pyrolysis of Nannochloropsis sp. Residue for renewable bio-oils. Bioresource Technology. 2010; 101: 4593–4599.2. M. Selvaraj et al. Comparison of solid acid catalysts in the production of ethyl β-naphthyl ether (neroline) by ethoxylation of β-naphthyl. Applied Catalysis A: General. 2004; 265: 75-84.3. Li Lu et al. Synthesis, Characterization of Mesoporous Molecular Sieve Sulphated- Al-MCM-41 and Its Catalysis On Terpineol Esterification. Chemistry and Industry of Forest Products. 2002; 22(1): 30-34.SO42-/Al-MCM-41 catalysts had good catalytic performance on the pyrolysis of CTL. SO42-/Al-MCM-41 catalysts had the function of deoxygenation with almost no denitrogenation activity. They had good selectivity to dicyclic aromatic compounds and good catalytic isomerization for nitrogen compounds and oxygenic compounds. When Si/Al came to 12, the catalytic pyrolysis of CTL can get high yield of bio-oil (33.0% wt%) with high heat value 34.45 MJ·kg-1 . The obtained bio-oil can be more suitable to be converted to fuel oil.IntroductionFigure 3. The yields of different phases in the direct pyrolysis and the catalytic pyrolysis of CTL with SO42-/Al-MCM-41 different Si/Al ratio.ResultsThe cyanobacteria from Taihu Lake(CTL), which caused threat to the water ecological balance, can be converted to bio-oil which was beneficial for environmental protection and renewable energy development. Therefore, it is of great significance to produce bio-oil from CTL with high yield and quality.The bio-oil obtained from direct pyrolysis had higher content of oxygenic compounds and lower heating value compared to fossil fuels. In order to improve the quality of the bio-oil, the catalysts bearing deoxygenation function during catalytic pyrolysis should be explored.The catalytic pyrolysis of cyanobacteria of CTL over SO42-/Al-MCM-41 catalysts in situ were studied in the present work. The equipment for the catalytic pyrolysis was the same as that used by Pan Pan et al [1].Figure 1. The schematic diagram of the fixed bed reactorFigure 2. FTIR spectra of SO42-/Al-MCM-41 samples.In Figure 2, the existence of SO42- was certificated at 609 cm-1 for the stretching vibrations of HSO4- and the weak peak of S=O stretching vibration at 1390 cm-1 [2, 3] .The yield of product of different phases shown in Figure 3 illustrated that when Si/Al came to low value, the acidity can cause the bio-oil molecule to realize further cracking and produce more gas products. However, as Si/Al ratio came to high value, the weakening of acidity can lead to the non-complete cracking and enhance the production of organic fraction in bio-oil.8 9 10 四川大学绿色化学与技术教育部重点实验室 Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Technology, Ministry of EducationKey Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Technology, Ministry of Education MgO-Al2O3固体碱催化固体碱催化热热解太湖藻制解太湖藻制备备生物油的研究生物油的研究 赵博涵, 曾燕, 童冬梅*, 胡常伟*IntroductionResultsReference表三表三 催化热解太湖藻的尾气含量分析[1] 陆强，朱锡锋，李全新，郭庆祥，朱清时*.生物质快速热解制备液体燃料.化学进展. 2007, 19:1064-1071. [2] Bohan Zhao, Yan Zeng, Dongmei Tong, Changwei Hu. Production of Bio-oil by Catalytic Pyrolysis of Cyanobacteria of Taihu Lake over SO42-/Al-MCM-41. The 2nd International Conference on Algal Biomass, Biofuels and Bioproducts. 6.10-6.13,San Diego, USA.[3] Hyun Ju Park, Jong-Ki Jeon, Dong Jin Suh, Young-Woong Suh, Hyeon Su Heo, Young Kwon Park. Catalytic vapor cracking for improvement of bio-oil quality. Catalysis Surveys from Asia. 2011, 15(3): 161-180.[4] Demiral I, Sensöz S. The effects of different catalysts on the pyrolysis of industrial wastes (olive and hazelnut bagasse). Bioresource technology. 2008, 99:8002-8007.作为获取高附加值化学品以及下一代燃料的新途径，通过生物质热解获得生物油已经得到了能源领域的广泛关注[1]。
同时，作为天然藻的典型代表，太湖藻在近几年引发了严重的环境污染所以催化热解太湖藻以及其他天然藻获得高品质生物油已渐渐成为了中国新型能源研究的重点[2]在众多热解生物质所使用的催化剂中，金属催化剂由于其在催化热解生物质过程中经常表现出良好的抵制积碳、较强的酸碱性等功能已经成为了化学家们近几年来关注的焦点[3]特别是γ-Al2O3等金属氧化物对生物油表现出了良好的脱氧效果[4]于是本研究以通过共沉淀法制备得到的不同镁铝比的MgO-Al2O3催化剂以及共沉淀法得到的MgO以及γ-Al2O3对太湖藻进行催化热解探究其生物油品质等方面的递变规律以及相比直接热解后的变化 Catalystschar(wt%)liquid products(wt%)gaseous products(wt%)bio-oil(wt%)aqueous products(wt%)MgO18.349.432.3 24.225.2MA-132.447.520.1 17.430.1MA-234.741.324.0 8.233.1MA-336.449.114.5 7.541.6MA-433.243.223.6 10.832.4MA-532.641.525.9 13.328.2γ-Al2O323.352.324.4 22.230.1BODPa38.042.719.332.310.4a Bio-oil obtained by direct pyrolysisCatalystsC(wt%)H(wt%)N(wt%)Oa(wt%)Heat valueb/MJ·Kg-1MgO64.1210.7210.4414.7232.97MA-165.269.3011.2014.2432.38MA-265.389.4111.6613.5532.65MA-359.029.2411.6520.0928.12MA-463.749.0011.4415.8231.04MA-557.949.0512.0920.9227.32γ-Al2O364.9511.4210.6512.9834.41BODPc64.309.009.9016.8031.21a By difference. b Heating-value was calculated by the following formula (1)HHV (MJ·kg-1)= (3.55C2-232C-2230H+51.2C×H+131N+20600)×10-3. CBio-oil obtained by direct pyrolysis表二表二 催化热解太湖藻生物油元素分析及热值计算表一表一 催化热解太湖藻各相产物收率图图一一 催化热解太湖藻所使用的反应器装置图CatalystsCO（（wt%b））CO2 （（wt%））H2 （（wt%））CH4 （（wt%））MgO2.0 28.6 0.2 1.6 MA-11.4 17.2 0.1 1.3 MA-22.0 21.4 0.0 0.5 MA-33.1 11.1 0.0 0.3 MA-42.7 20.0 0.1 0.9 MA-52.2 22.4 0.1 1.2 γ-Al2O31.5 21.4 0.1 1.4 Direct pyrolysisa1.216.90.11.1a The results calculated from Yan et al. b m(gas product)/m(alga powder)*100%金属催化剂的引入使得生物油产生了很好的脱氧效果，从而使得生物油的热值升高，使得其更适合作为原料来制备生物燃油。
在所研究的七种催化剂中，γ-Al2O3更适合作为太湖藻热解催化剂来使用但是金属催化剂在脱除CO2的同时，也使得更多的甲烷和一氧化碳脱除使得生物油的热值提升不大同时，虽然液体收率提高，但是其主要来源于水相含量的升高，而使得最终的生物油的收率降低以后应通过改性催化剂来改善上述缺点11 12 海海报设计报设计技巧技巧 — 抓住抓住观观众众•能否留住你的能否留住你的观观众？众？–3秒秒驻驻足足+30秒秒笼统阅读笼统阅读•突出主突出主题题的一些方法的一些方法–用用>30%的面的面积积表表现现主主题题，从，从3米米以外吸引以外吸引观观众众•主主题题、小、小标题标题的字体要大的字体要大•用用图图要多（要多（40%））13 海海报设计报设计技巧技巧 — 有影响力的有影响力的设计设计•有效地使用背景有效地使用背景图图片和片和颜颜色色–整幅海整幅海报报的背景的背景颜颜色色•学学术术型通常无背景或型通常无背景或选选用用“沉沉闷闷色色”背背景景•表表现现活活泼泼主主题题可可选鲜艳选鲜艳的的颜颜色色–标题标题和和题题框的框的颜颜色色•可用可用渐变渐变色打破色打破单调单调–框和框和图图表的表的颜颜色和背景色要色和背景色要协调协调–PowerPoint提供的配色方案提供的配色方案14 15 16 有影响力的有影响力的设计设计•尽量避免以下情况尽量避免以下情况–多多层层叠合叠合时时使用使用过过于接近的于接近的颜颜色色•看不清文字内容看不清文字内容–一副海一副海报报里用里用过过多种多种颜颜色色•不推荐超不推荐超过过三种，照片除外三种，照片除外–颜颜色深的水印背景色深的水印背景–忙乱感忙乱感觉觉的背景的背景海海报设计报设计海海报设计报设计17 18 有影响力的有影响力的设计设计—续续•块间块间和行和行间间留出足留出足够够空白空白–便于跟便于跟读读–能有效地把能有效地把读读者注意力引到关者注意力引到关键键元素元素19 20 块间块间和行和行间间注意排列整注意排列整齐齐和有序和有序–眼睛眼睛习惯习惯于跟从条条框框于跟从条条框框•整体版面分整体版面分栏栏：：–栏栏与与栏栏之之间间间间隔隔3cm–纵纵向版面建向版面建议议分分2栏栏–横向版面建横向版面建议议分分3栏栏•图图、表、小、表、小标题标题、文字内容排列在、文字内容排列在栏栏内内有影响力的有影响力的设计设计—续续21 22 23 –在海在海报报四周四周边缘边缘留出最少留出最少4cm空白空白•以防打印不准确以防打印不准确有影响力的有影响力的设计设计—续续24 25 有影响力的有影响力的设计设计—续续•清晰的，容易跟清晰的，容易跟读读的文字内容的文字内容–从左到右从左到右–语语言描述要清晰、言描述要清晰、简洁简洁•假定假定观观众不熟悉海众不熟悉海报报内容所涉及的内容所涉及的专业专业–字体一定要加粗字体一定要加粗•建建议议字体大小字体大小–主主标题标题字号字号 > 小小标题标题字号字号 > 正文文字字号正文文字字号–主主标题标题字号字号90-150，或，或3米以外可以看清米以外可以看清–内容文字字号内容文字字号30-32，最好按句分成小段，最好按句分成小段–浅色背景上的深色字最易分辨浅色背景上的深色字最易分辨26 27 有影响力的有影响力的设计设计—续续•使用使用图图、表、照片提高直、表、照片提高直观观效果效果–推荐使用量推荐使用量≥40%–用彩色用彩色图：：.jpg或者或者.emf•图片的片的质量：量：200-300dpi、亮度、清晰度、亮度、清晰度•避免拉扯失真避免拉扯失真–图／表的内容和文字内容／表的内容和文字内容对应•编号和命名号和命名•注意注意细节上的美化上的美化–文本框文本框对齐，，图片整片整齐排列排列–表格里数据多表格里数据多时用不同底色用不同底色标出想要出想要强调的数据的数据28 29 有影响力的有影响力的设计设计—续续•别别忘忘记记–介介绍绍你自己你自己•照片和照片和Logo的使用的使用•可以在最下部留下可以在最下部留下联联系信息系信息–致致谢谢•最后的最后的检查检查很重要！很重要！–打印打印错误测试错误测试•用用A4纸纸打印一份打印一份检查检查是否有打印内容是否有打印内容丢丢失失–检查错别检查错别字！！字！！–请请同学、朋友帮助同学、朋友帮助检查检查30 31 海海报报的展示的展示过过程程简简介介•对对号号“入板入板”•准准备图钉备图钉或胶或胶带带•准准备备一些打印好的一些打印好的纸纸本（本（handouts））32 对对号号入入板板33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 谢谢谢谢! 再再见见!4141 。