4 第一部分是商业银行破产概述本部分界定了商业银行破产的内涵，指出商业银行因其在国民经济的功能而具有特殊性然后分析了商业银行破产法的性质，为接下来研究商业银行破产法律制度指明了方向 第二部分是国外商业银行破产法律制度研究以及对我国的借鉴本部分着重介绍了英、美、德、日等国的商业银行破产制度，探讨了其对我国的借鉴意义 第三部分是我国商业银行破产法律问题研究，本部分探索如何建立中国的商业银行破产法律制度论文对中国商业银行破产立法的框架和主要内容进行了设计，包括破产原因、破产申请人、破产清算程序、破产管理人、破产重整、资产处置等 【关键词】商业银行 破产 破产法 破产申请人 破产管理人 5 Abstract On the condition of market economy, commercial bank insolvency is inevitable because of their characteristics of high risks and liabilities. Due to commercial banks’ important functions in national economy and their particularities, most countries have formulated special systems on bank insolvency rather than let banks fall into bankruptcy procedure without any action. An effective legal system on bank insolvency shall protect public interest, maintain safety and stability of financial system and build the last safety line for national financial system. According to Law of the People's Republic of China on Commercial Banks, if a commercial bank cannot pay the due debts, it will be declared bankrupt by the people's court in accordance with law and with the agreement of the People's Bank of China, and the bankruptcy procedure shall be in accordance with Law on Enterprise Bankruptcy and Civil Procedure Law. In China, bankruptcy of commercial banks is same as that of ordinary enterprises, and it contradicts with basic situation of our country and international common practice. The new Law on Enterprise Bankruptcy, which was passed on August 26, 2006, only has a general provision on financial institutions’ bankruptcy: while asset value of commercial bank, securities company, insurance company or other financial institution is less than its issued debt, the Financial Supervision Administration of the State Council may apply to the people’ s court for 6 reorganizing the financial institution or making it going bankruptcy. The Law on Enterprise Bankruptcy has no specific articles on reason of bankruptcy, bankruptcy applicant, bankruptcy liquidation procedure, bankruptcy trustee, bankruptcy reorganization and asset disposal, etc. So, our country should learn advanced legislations on bankruptcy from advanced countries and establish scientific and independent commercial bank insolvency system as soon as possible so that banks go bankruptcy withdraw from market regularly and orderly. The thesis analyzes general theories of commercial bank insolvency, summarizes experience of China in disposing crisis of financial institutions in the past 10 years, adopts comparative study method, learns from advanced legislations on bankruptcy from advanced countries, puts forward suggestions on establishing consummate commercial bank insolvency system. The thesis is divided into three parts: The first part is general theories of commercial bank insolvency law. This part defines bank insolvency and points out that it is necessary to make special legislation for banks because of its special functions in national economy. Then the thesis analyzes the nature of bank insolvency law, which points out the direction for establishing relevant legal system in China. The second part is the research of foreign legal systems of commercial bank bankruptcy. This part introduces commercial bank 7 insolvency systems of the U.K. the U.S.A., Germany and Japan and analyzes their referential experience. The third part is the research of the legal system of our country’ s commercial banks bankruptcy. This part discusses the establishment of the legal system of China’ s commercial banks bankruptcy. The thesis gives suggestions on structure and content of commercial bank insolvency law, including reason of bankruptcy, bankruptcy applicant, bankruptcy liquidation procedure, bankruptcy trustee, bankruptcy reorganization and asset disposal, etc. 【Key Words】 commercial bank, bankruptcy, bankruptcy law, bankruptcy applicant and bankruptcy trustee 1 山西财经大学 学位论文原创性声明 本人郑重声明：所呈交的学位论文，是本人在导师的指导下，独立进行研究工作所取得的成果。
除文中已经注明引用的内容外，本论文不包含任何其他个人或集体已经发表或撰写过的作品成果对本文的研究所做出重要贡献的个人和集体，均已在文中以明确方式标明本人完全意识到本申明的法律结果由本人承担 学位论文作者签名： 日期： 年 月 日 2 山西财经大学 学位论文版权使用授权书 本学位论文作者完全了解学校有关保管、使用学位论文的规定，同意学校保留并向国家有关部门或机构送交论文的复印件和电子版，允许论文被查阅和借阅本人授权山西财经大学可以将本学位论文的全部或部分内容编入有关数据库进行检索，可以采用影印、缩印或扫描等复制手段保存和汇编本学位论文 本学位论文属于保密□，不保密□在 年解密后适用本授权书 （请在以上方框内打“√” ） 学位论文作者签名： 指导教师签名： 日期： 年 月 日 日期： 年 月 日 商业银行破产法律问题研究 1 引言 从世界范围来看，自银行诞生之日起，危机就与之形影相伴从十四世纪的意大利出现的商人银行公司倒闭，到二十世纪初席卷美国、欧洲的银行业危机，银行倒闭屡见不鲜进入到 8 0 年代以来，美欧等发达国家和地区相继发生银行危机。
1 9 9 7 年爆发的亚洲金融危机，让各国政府和国际金融机构及学者更加关注金融问题，探究预防和化解银行危机的良策应当说，商业银行作为金融企业，在激烈的市场竞争中引发的问题远比普通工商企业经营失败引发的问题严重一家经营失败的银行给公众储户造成的损失是强大的，而一般社会公众抵御风险的能力是十分有限的上述竞争失败银行可能引发的所有问题最终都可能聚焦并最终导致整个金融体系系统风险的产生 相对中国而言，无论是在现实环境中还是在制度设计上，商业银行破产似乎都是概率很小的事情，但是商业银行毕竟还是商事主体，破产作为一种优胜劣汰的机制自然可以应用在商业银行身上随着我国经济体制改革的深入发展，我国金融机构面临经营形态、经营方式、经营体制的全面转轨由于我国金融业缺乏完善的外部信用环境以及内部管理机制，商业银行资产的安全性、流动性以及效益性无法充分满足银行运行的基本要求，中国银行业的风险问题日见凸显，这就为银行的市场退出敲响了现实的警钟 总的来说，商业银行退出市场主要有自动解散、撤消（或关闭） 、并购、破产等新修订的《商业银行法》 （2 0 0 3年修改）第七章也较为系统的规定了银行接管和终止的内容，唯独在银行破产问题上，无论是在法律制度。