单击此处编辑母版标题样式,,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,,第二级,,第三级,,第四级,,第五级,,,*,英语四级写作,,一. 英语写作的一般要求,根据教育部高等教育司2007年公布的最新《大学英语课程教学要求》,四级写作要求如下:,,“能完成一般性写作任务;能描述个人经历、观感、情感和发生的事件等;能写常见的应用文;能就一般性话题或提纲在半小时内写出120个词的短文,内容基本完整,用词恰当,语意连贯;,,能掌握基本的写作技能同时,四级写作要求:“能填写常见的表格,如注册表、申请表、问卷调查表等;能写给或回复他人祝贺卡、生日卡、邀请信、便条、短信、通知等;能写简单的指示语、个人广告、社团海报、个人简历等;,,能简要描述个人经历、发生的事件、读过的故事、观看的影片、喜怒哀乐等情感,写出或回答个人或公司的信函、电子邮件、等二. 写作的一般步骤,1、审题,,我们拿到作文后第一件事要做的就是审题审题的作用在于使你的写作不跑题(如果跑题,条理和语言再好,也得不到及格分,甚至0分那么审题要审什么呢?,,a.,体裁 (议论文、说明文、描述文),,审题就是要审作文的体裁和题材因为什么样的体裁就会用什么样的题材去写。
那么体裁包括哪些呢?就四、六级考试而言,它包括议论文、说明文和描述文从近些年来看,四、六级作文不是单一的体裁,而是几种体裁的杂合体例如有一次四级写作题是这样出的,,,Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic,Trying to Be A Good University Student,. You should write at least 120 words and you should base your composition on the outline (given in Chinese) below:,,,,(1) 做合格大学生的必要性,,(2) 做合格大学生的必备条件(可以德智体等方面谈) (3) 我打算这样做,,,,很多人说这种类型的作文是议论文我们认为说它是议论文是片面的因为第一段要求写 “...必要性”,这说明本段体裁是议论文;第二段要求写“...必备条件”,这说明本段要求写说明文;而第三段要求写“...这样做”,说明本段要求写的是描述文。
所以我们说在大多数情况下,四、六级作文是三种体裁的杂合体,,,b.,根据不同体裁确定写作方法,,我们审题的目的就在于根据不同的体裁来确定不同的写作方法通过审题,我们可以看出四、六级作文大都是三段式如上例第一段为议论体、第二段为说明体、第三段为描述体议论体有议论体的写作方式、说明体有说明体的写作方式、描述体也有它自身的写作特点第一段为议论文:它的写作特点是要有论点和论据,而且往往从正反两面来论述,,,例如上面题目的第一段的写作思路是:做合格大学生,会怎么样(这是从正面论述);不能做到合格大学生,会怎么样(从反面论述);所以我们要做合格的大学生(结论)第二段为说明文:它的写作特点是从几方面或几条来说明一个问题,就跟某一机器的说明书一样通过1、2、3说明它的用途就以上面的作文而言,我们从三个方面(德智体)来说明做合格大学生的必备条件第三段为描述文:以“人”为中心描述一个“做”的过程2、主题句,,通过审题,我们知道了写作的思路下边我们就谈怎么样写第一步就是要写主题句主题句是确保不跑题的前提,只有不跑题才有可能得及格分写主题句最保险的方法就是按照所给的提纲写例如上述作文的三段主题句分别为:,,,,☆ It is necessary to be a good university student.(议论体主题句),,,,☆ There are several respects of necessities to be a good university student.(说明体的主题句),,,☆ What I will do in the future is as follows.(描述题的主题句),,,,,,如果要求句是英语就可以把它扩充成主题句,例如这样的一篇做文:,,Good Health,,,(1),Importance of good health,,(2),Ways to keep fit,,,(3),My own practice,,,,,这样的作文的要求句就可以扩展成主题句。
扩展后三段的主题句分别为:,,☆ It is very important to have good health. (将名词importance变成形容词important),,,,☆ There are four ways to keep fit for me.(用there be句型),,☆ My own practices are as follows.(采用原词),,3、条理,,保证不跑题是写作当中第一重要任务,第二个重要任务就是条理清楚对于议论文来说,正反面要清楚对于说明文来说,1、2、3条要清楚,对于描述文要来,谁干什么要清楚拿上例Good Health来说,,第一段主题句(It is very important to have good health.),,正面(With good health, we can...),,反面 (Without good health, we can do nothing. We can't do...),,,,第二段:主题句(There are four ways to keep fit.) 从几方面说明:,First,, we should have our breakfast in the morning.,Second,, we should have a nap at noon.,Third,, sports exercises are necessary in the afternoon.,And fourth,, we could have a pleasant feeling in the evening by listening to music....),,,,为了使文章更具关于条理性,我们可以,first(ly), second(ly), third(ly),等副词,他们可以使文章的条理性十分突出。
也可以用:To begin with, ... After that,... And then,... The next,... The following,... At last ...第三段:主题句(My own practices are as follows.)具体情况(主语为第一人称代词I,与第二段呼应) In the morning, I have my breakfast . At noon, I have a nap. And in the afternoon, I always play football. In the evening, I usually listen to the classic music.,,,综上所述,我们在写作中最最重要的一点就是要有自己的观点和见解,一定要提出自己的观点来,有些同学一篇文章写下来,都不知道你的观点是什么,这样的文章是失败的针对四级考试,建议大家论说文重点准备,关于大学校园生活的话题,如学习、生活、社会工作、兼职打工,等;应用文重点准备,咨询信、投诉信、介绍信、请求信、建议信、道歉信、邀请信等私人和公务信函,,关键就是,格式,。
只要格式正确,基本上都可得满分三.写作中的一些典型例句和句子写作时的注意事项,1.开篇句,,,1) Many nations have been faced with the problem of ...,,2) Recently the problem has been brought into focus.,,3) Recently the phenomenon has become a heated topic.,,4) Recently the issue has aroused great concern among ...,,5) Nowadays there is a growing concern over ...,,6) Never in our history has the idea that ... been so popular.,,7) Faced with ..., quite a few people argue that ...,,8) According to a recent survey, ...,,9) With the rapid development of ..., ...,,2. 结尾句,,,1) From what has been discussed above, we can draw the conclusion that ...,,2) It is high time that strict measures were taken to stop ...,,3) It is necessary that steps should be taken to ...,,4) In conclusion, it is imperative(迫切的) that ...,,5) There is no easy method, but ...might be of some help.,,6) To solve the above-mentioned problem, we must ...,,7) In summary, if we continue to ignore the above-mentioned issue, more problems will crop up(出现).,,8) With the efforts of all parts concerned, the problem will be solved thoroughly.,,9) We might do more than identify the cause ; it is important to take actions to ...,,10) Taking all these into account, we ...,,3. 基本表达,,人们认为: it is generally / widely believed / agreed/ held that…,,接触各种思想,经历: be exposed to new ideas/ experiences/problems,,接触社会: come into frequent/ close contact with the world/ society,,获得成功: achieve/ accomplish success,,提出观点,建议: advance/ put forward/ come up with arguments/ideas/ suggestions,,对…很好的了解: have a better understanding of / gain an insight into,,,,,把某因素考虑进去: take sth. Into account/consideration; give much thought to,,,随着生活节奏的加快: with the quickening pace of modern life / society,,,开阔眼界,兴趣: broaden one’s interest/outlook;,,expand/ broaden/ enlarge one’s mental horizons,,,取得进步: make much progress/ strides/ gains in,,,把时间花/ 浪费在: spend / waste time doing sth,,,利用机会: make (full/ better ) use of the opportunity,,take advantage of opportunity,,3. 注意事项,a,.,,适当用被动替换主动,,这样能更客观的反映事实, 句子开头不要总是用we / I (比如写结尾时不用we should pay attention to而用Attention should be paid to. ),,b.,,善于使用插入语,,比如说把副词、连接词等,作插入语放在中间,一般放在主语、动词或者助动词后,两边分别加上逗号。
如however / therefore /for example/I believe 做插入语放在中间,一般放在动词,助动词后,两边分别加上逗号 比如说: Other individuals, however, take the attitude that … 这样能够使这个文章更连贯c.,,一定要学会换词,用形象,具体的替换太宽泛的,比如说在一篇文章中,我们用,,applicable,替换,proper,,,,approaches,替换,ways,,,,implement,替换,carry out,,,,sharpen one‘s competitive edge,替换,enhance one’s competitiveness,(提高某物竞争力),,beneficial, rewarding,替换,helpful,,,,shopper,替换,client,,,consumer,替换,purchaser, customer,,exceedingly, extremely, intensely,替换,very,,,,,hardly inevitable, hardly necessary,替换,unnecessary, avoidable,,sth,appeals to,sb,,,sth,exerts a tremendous fascination on,sb,,,替换,sb,take interest in /,sb,. be interested in,.,,capture one's attention,,替换,attract one's attention,,give rise to, lead to, result in, trigger,,替换,cause,,interaction,替换,communication,,for my part ,from my own perspective,,替换,in my opinion,,,positive, favorable, rosy (,美好的,),,,promising (,有希望的,),,,perfect, pleasurable , excellent, outstanding, superior,,替换,,good,,dreadful, unfavorable, poor, adverse, ill,(,有害的,),替换,bad,,这样就给你的文章注入了一些新鲜的东西,读起来不会那么平淡枯燥,分数自然会提高。
四. 四级写作时需要注意的几点事宜,1. 在写作的过程中,切记不要用中式英语,比如:“man can live happiness”, “Man is iron, and food is steel.”, “Women are half side sky.”要多积累一些习惯短语和表达法,尽可能多用模式化的句型,少一些逐字翻译2. 同学们可能还有一个观点,就是在作文中,复杂句越多,得分就越高诚然,英语写作是对一个人英语能力的考察,复杂句的使用能反映你对英文的掌握程度但是如果你的作文中全是复杂句,这样会影响阅卷老师的阅读,读起来很烦很不自然,考试作文中一定要长短句结合对于一些基础差的同学,如果你不能很好的把握复杂句,还是用简单句比较好,至少简单句你不会用错3.,作文写完之后的检查,,,a,就是对整个文章结构的检查对于自己写的文章,一定要把结构搞清楚,要想到别人阅读你的文章时,要一眼就能找到你的中心句,看出你文章论证的结构b,语言错误请一定避免简单但严重的错误比如:单复数、主谓一致、时态、搭配和简单词的拼写记得简单无误是写作的第一准则c. 字迹一定要工整,清晰,这是得高分的基础一篇文章字迹的好坏有时候能起到,决定性,的作用。