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专业英语四级高频词汇分析

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abandon, desert, forsake, leave, give up这些动词或词组均含“抛弃、放弃”之意abandon :强调永远或完全放弃或抛弃人或事物等,这可能是被迫的,也可能是自愿的eg:1. Jackson has abandoned his old car.杰克逊把他那辆旧车扔了2. She abandoned her husband and children and went off with another man.她抛弃了自己的丈夫和孩子, 跟另外一个男人跑了desert :着重指违背法律责任和义务,或自己的信仰与誓言的行为,多含非难的意味eg: 1. Many soldiers deserted during the battle.在那次战斗中许多士兵开小差了2. Never desert a friend in need.绝不要抛弃有困难的朋友forsake :侧重断绝感情上的依恋,自愿抛弃所喜欢的人或物也指抛弃信仰或改掉恶习eg: He was forsaken by his friends.他被朋友们背弃了leave :普通用词,指舍弃某事或某一职业,或终止同一某人的关系,但不涉及动机与果。

eg: I have left my job which made me crazy.我已经辞掉了那份让我抓狂的工作了give up :普通用语,侧重指没有希望或因外界压力而放弃eg: The doctors gave my uncle up, but he lived.医生们认为我叔叔的病无法治好,但他却活了下来ability, capacity, capability, genius, talent, competence, faculty, gift, aptitude这些名词均可表示人的“能力,才能”之意ability:普通用词,指人先天的或学来的各种能力eg: 1. The ability to use a language can be acquired by the ct of using the language.运用语言的能力只能能通过不断练习才能获得2. His ability is limited.他的能力有限capacity :侧重指人的潜在能力,通常不指体力,多指才智,尤指接受与领悟能力eg: 1.Their reasoning capacity must be developed.他们的推理能力必须加以培养。

2. His capacity of accepting knowledge helps him to be the top student in his class.他接受知识的能力使得他成为班里的第一名capability :多用于人,指胜任某项具体工作的能力,也指本身具有、尚未发挥的潜在能力常与 of 或 for 连用eg: 1. Not by age but by capacity is wisdom acquired.智慧的获得是依靠才能而不是年龄2. The little girl has great capability as a singer and should be trained.这个小女孩很有当歌手的才能,应该加以训练genius:语气最强,指天赋的高度才能与智力eg: 1. Mozart showed genius even at the age of six, when he began to compose minuets.莫扎特六岁时就开始创作小步舞曲, 展露才华 2. Einstein was a mathematical genius.爱因斯坦是数学天才。

talent:着重指人某方面具有可发展和倍养的突出天赋才能,但语意比 genius 弱eg: 1. He was a man of many talents.他是一个多才多艺的人2. There was a lot of talent in this company.这个公司有很多人才competence:正式用词,侧重指令人满意的业务能力与水平,达到胜任某项工作等的要求eg: We knew her competence in solving peoblems.我们都是知道她解决问题的能力faculty:指特殊的才能或智力eg: An unerring faculty for detecting hypocrisy is one of her most useful attributes.能无误地看出伪善的能力是她身上最有用的特征之一gift:着重个人的天赋的才能或在某方面的显著本领,常暗含不能用一般规律作解释的意味eg: 1. Her tactfulness is a remarkable gift.她的机敏是一种非凡的天赋2. This diplomat possessed an excellent gift for repartee.这位外交官具有卓越的应对才能。

aptitude:多指先天或后天习得的运用自如的能力,常暗示接受能力强,能迅速掌握一种学术训练或艺术技巧eg: That student has an aptitude for mathematics.那个学生有数学方面的天赋able, capable, competent这些形容词均含有“有能力的,能干的”之意1) able :最常用词,多用于褒义,着重指多方面的,经常性的,或潜在性的能力有时也指高超、非凡的能力eg: 1. Most children are able to walk before they are able to talk.(多数孩子在会说话前就会走路 )2. The patient was soon able to sit up.(病人很快就能坐起来了 )2)capable :语气弱于 able,指有能力、有潜力或有条件做某事,常与 of 连用eg: 1.He is a manager capable of leadership.(他是个富有领导才能的经理 )2.Jim is capable at sports.(吉姆擅长运动 )3)competent :强调具有能胜任某项工作的足够技能或其它所需的条件。

eg: 1. He did a competent job.(他的工作做得相当出色 )2. He is competent to do it.(他能做这件事 )abolish, cancel, repeal 这些动词均含“取消、废除” 之意1)abolish :正式用词,指彻底废除某种制度、规章或习俗eg: 1.The Americans abolished slavery in 1863.(美国于1863年废除奴隶制度 )2.Do abolish this kind of bad evil.(一定要废除这种恶劣习俗 )2)cancel :用法广泛,多指取消债务、合同、证书、比赛、旅行、计划或约会等eg: 1. He cancelled his order for the goods.(他取消了货物订单 ) 2. We were all disappointed to learn that the picnic had been cancelled.(我们得知这次野餐已经取消, 都感到很失望 )3)repeal:书面用词,指撤销立法机关通过的协议、法案或法律等eg: The Labour Party repealed the Act.(工党废除了那项法令。

)about, around, round1)表示“在……周围” ,三者常可互换如:eg:They sat about [round, around] the fire.(他们围火而坐 )注:在现代英语中,about 用于这种情况已不多见2)表示“到处”,三者常可互换如:eg:He traveled about / round / around the world.(他周游了全世界 )3)用在数字之前表示“大约”,一般用 about 或 around如:eg: 1.It costs about / around ten dollars.(它大约要花10 美元 )2.There are about / around 30 bookstores in the city.(这座城里大约有30 家书店 )注:在英国英语中,在表示时间的词组里也可用 roundeg: 1.He arrived about / round / around 5 o’clock.(他是大约5点钟到的 )2.I’ll be back about / round / around lunch time.(我午饭前后回来。

)4)表示把某物分给一群人中的每一个时,可用 round 或 around,而不用 abouteg: Will you hand round / around the papers?(请你把考卷分发一下,好吗?)above, on, over 这些前置词均含“在……上” 之意1)above :一般指位置高于某物,但不一定在正上方,也不接触另一物,其反义词是beloweg: 1.The aeroplane was flying a few feet above the sea.( 飞机正在距海面几英尺的低空飞行2.The chorus was seated above the orchestra.(合唱队的座位高于乐队席 )2)on :指与另一物表面相接触eg: That book on the desk is an atlas.(桌上的那本书是地图册 )3)over :指一物在另一物的垂直上方,多暗示悬空,但也含“覆盖于……之上” 之意其反义词是 undereg:1.There is a lamp over the table.(桌子正上方有一盏灯 )2.The clouds are right over us.(这云在我们的头顶上。

)absorb, suck, digest, incorporate这些动词均有“吸收” 之意1)absorb :普通用词,词义广泛,既可指吸收光、热、液体等具体东西,又可指吸收知识等抽象概念的东西eg: 1.Dry earth absorbs water quickly.(干土吸水很快 )2.You should absorb lots of knowledge when you are young.(你应该在年轻的时候多吸收知识 )2)suck :作“吸收”解时,可与 absorb 换用,但还可有“吮吸”之意eg: 1.He sucked hard for air to keep breathing.(他拼命吸气以维持呼吸 )2.The baby was sucking its mother's breast.(婴儿正在吮吸母乳 )3)digest :侧重在消化道内改变食物的化学结构后被人体吸收eg: 1.Cheese doesn't digest easily.(乳酪不易消化 )2.I just cannot digest eggs.(我吃鸡蛋就不能消化 )4)incorporate :指一物或多物与它物相融合,形成一整体。

eg: 1.The factory incorporates with others.(这家工厂与别家合并了 )2.The shopping centre also incorporates a library and a bank.(商业中心还包括一家银行和 absurd, ridiculous 这两个形容词均含有“荒谬的”之意1)absurd :普通用词,强调指违背常理的。

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