学习必备欢迎下载第 13 章动名词动名词是由动词转化而成的名词，兼有动词和名词的双重特点，在句中作名 词使用，但本身又具有动词的一些特点， 如可以有宾语和状语， 可以有完成式和 被动式；动名词的形式为：一般情形下在动词末尾加 -ing，和现在分词的变化规就完全一样；动名词在句中主要作主语、宾语、表语、定语等；13.1.1 动名词作主语Losingcan be a real beginning.失败可以成为真正的开头；Having intimate friendsis happiness in itself.拥有知己这本身就是幸福；While winning is not everything, trying to winis everything.尽管取胜并不重要，但努力去赢得成功却是重要的；Constant drippingwears away a stone.滴水穿石；有时，将作主语的动名词置于句尾，用代词 it 作形式主语，这种情形多见于 Itis no use或〔good〕 doing sth句.型，表示 “做某事是没有用的 ”；It is no usecrying over spilt milk.牛奶已洒，哭也无用；It is no usepumping a dry well.枯井打水，白费无益；It is no usethinking about one ’ s lost youth.追忆逝去的青春是没有用的；13.1.2 动名词作宾语 动名词可以作动词和介词的宾语；①作动词的宾语 有些特定动词要求其后作宾语的动词用动名词形式；Genius meansworking hard all one s life.天才意味着终生努力；As long as you live, keeplearning how to live.只要活着，就要不断地学习如何生活；You are never a loser until you quittrying.只要不舍弃努力，你就绝不是失败者；You are not here merely to makea living. You are here to enable the world to live more amply.你来到世上不仅仅为了谋生；你来到世上是为了让世界生活得更富庶；②作介词的宾语 动词在介词后面只能用动名词形式作宾语；Life consists not inholding good cards， but in playing well those you hold.人生并不在于抓到好牌，而在于打好手中的牌；Keep onlearning as long as you live.活到老，学到老；The secret of happiness is to admire withoudtesiring.幸福的要领在于观赏但不希望；13.1.3 动名词作表语Courage isdoing what you ’ re afraid to do.士气就是去做自己可怕去做的事情；Life is painting a picture, not doing a sum.人生是画一幅图画，而不是做一道算术题；The ultimate goal should bdeoing your best and enjoying it.最终目标应当是竭尽全力，乐此不疲；The greatest pleasure in life disoing what others say you cannot do.人生的最大乐趣就是去做别人说你做不了的事情；Education is notthe filling of a pail, but the lighting of a fire.训练并非注满一桶水，而是点燃一把火；13.1.4 动名词作定语动名词可以作定语，修饰另一个名词，往往表示所修饰名词的功能或用途；如下 列词组：chewing gum口香糖dividing line 分界线dressing table梳妆台driving license 驾驶执照living standard生活水平magnifying glass放大镜operating room手术室racing car赛车dining hall 餐厅drawing board画板drinking water 饮用水filling station 加油站学习必备欢迎下载looking glass 镜子marketing manager销售经理playing ground 运动场reading room阅览室sitting room 客厅starting point 起点stumbling block 絆脚石walking stick 手杖Failure is a learningexperience.失败是一种学习经受；Fame is amagnifyingglass.名声是放大镜；washing machine洗衣机writing desk 写字台resting place休息处sleeping pill 安眠药 stepping stone踏脚石swimming pool 游泳池warning sign 预警迹象working conditions 工作条件The startingpoint of all achievements is desire.一切成就的起点都是愿望；Every failure can be asteppingstone to something better.每一次失败都可以成为通向更美好事物的踏脚石；One of the secrets of life is to makesteppingstones out ofstumblingblocks.人生的要领之一就是把絆脚石变为踏脚石；The world is a lookingglass, and gives back to every man the reflection of his own face.世界是一面镜子，反映出每个人的面孔 ；13.21 只能接动名词作宾语的动词有些动词，假如其后直接是动词作宾语，要求只能用动名词的形式，这类动词包括 :acknowledge 承认admit 承认advocate主见allow 答应avoid 防止anticipate 期望complete 完成appreciate感谢；观赏consider 考虑contemplate考虑delay 推迟deny 否认discuss争论enjoy 喜爱escape躲避excuse原谅fancy 想象； 喜爱finish 完成forbid 禁止imagine 想象include 包括involve 涉及justify 证明； 正值keep保持mind 介意miss 错过permit 答应postpone推迟practice 练习quit 舍弃recommend建议require 要求；需要resent怀恨resist抵制shun躲开give up 舍弃resume复原suggest建议put off 推迟risk 冒险can’ t hel忍p 不住We make mistakes. The key is tokeepliving, keeploving, and keeptrying.我们会犯错误；关键在于连续生活，连续喜爱，连续努力；One cant helpbeing old, but one canresistbeing aged.一个人无法不变老，但却可以抵制老朽；Never considerrelying on other people决不要考虑依靠别人的钱使自己富有’ s money to make you rich.；A successful marriagerequiresfalling in love many times, always with the sameperson.一桩成功的婚姻需要多次堕入爱河 ，而且总是和同一个人 ；接有些动词，假如其后直接是动词作宾语 ， 既可接动名词 ， 又可接不定式的形式 ， 但有的意义基本没有差别，而有的意义就差别很大 ；13.3.1 接动名词或不定式作宾语皆可，并且意义基本没有差别的动词bear 忍begin 开头bother 费心cease停止continue连续dislike 不喜爱endure忍耐hate不喜爱intend 准备like 喜爱love 喜爱prefer 更喜爱neglect忽视omit 遗忘propose建议start开头When pleasure is the business of life, itceasesto be 〔或 being〕 pleasure.当欢乐成为人生的主要事务，就不再是欢乐了 ；Start making 〔或 to make〕 changes today that will get you to where you want to be tomorrow.今日就开头做出访你明天达到抱负目标的转变 ；留意下面三个动词的用法 :need，require，want；表示“某个事物需要被 ”时，三个词的意义和用法完全相同 ，基本结构为 Sth. needs 或〔 requires，wants〕 doing,也可以是 Sth. needs〔或 requires, wants〕 to be done如. ：Your goals needsupporting 〔或 to be supported〕.你的目标需要支持 ；Do whatever requiresdoing 〔或 to be done〕 to realize your dream.学习必备欢迎下载为了实现抱负，要尽一切必需的努力 ；A clean hand wantsno washing 〔或 doesn’wtant to be washed〕.干净的手不需清洗 ；Natural abilities, like natural plants, needpruning 〔或 to be pruned〕 by study.天赋， 犹如自然生长的植物，需要学习的修剪 ；Pleasant pills don want’giltding 〔或 to be gilded〕.味道好的药丸不需裹糖衣 ；The biggest mistake leaders make is that they know somethinregquiresdoing 〔或 to be done〕, but there ’ s a long time before they do it.领导者所犯的最大错误就是他们清晰需要做事 ，但拖延很久才去做 ；13.3.2 接动名词或不定式作宾语皆可 ，但意义差别很大的动词 试对比：forget doing sth.遗忘做过某事forget to do sth.遗忘去做某事go on doing 。