摘 要超细PA/PU合成革是一种用超细锦纶与聚氨酯经特殊工艺制成的合成革,其外观特征和内在结构特性均接近或达到真皮程度然而，超细纤维合成革作为一种复合材料，聚酰胺超细纤维和聚氨酯的分子结构不同，染色差异大，造成了合成革染色的难点为此，本课题主要是对聚氨酯进行改进，制备易染色的聚氨酯树脂，使其达到合成革加工要求的同时，还显著提高染色性，降低合成革染色的难度本课题选用二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯（MDI），与不同类型的多元醇和扩链剂反应，制备易染色的聚氨酯树脂，探讨它们对树脂物性和染色的影响，并对自制的超纤合成革进行了染色研究本文首先通过实验，确定聚氨酯树脂的合成反应条件：预聚反应温度为70～80℃，预聚反应时间90min；扩链反应温度70℃，当体系达到规定的浓度和粘度时终止反应从树脂外观、力学性能、皮膜的凝固性和成肌性、耐溶剂（甲苯）性等方面筛选多元醇，最终选用聚四氢呋喃二醇 (PTMG1000和PTMG2000)和聚酯多元醇HP-3020混合，扩链剂为乙二醇（EG），制得的树脂100%模量在10MPa左右，固含量为（30±1）%，粘度60～80 Pa·s/25℃通过红外光谱图分析，确定本实验合成的是聚酯和聚醚共混型聚氨酯。
其次，探讨了N-甲基二乙醇胺（MDEA）、二苯基甲烷二胺（MDA）两种协扩链剂对聚氨酯树脂性能和染色K/S值的影响MDEA和MDA这两种协扩链剂可提高树脂的染色性，但MDEA和MDA的分子结构决定了它们对树脂力学性能的影响是完全不同的实验结果表明：树脂中仅加入MDA质量分数在1.47%～2.43%之间比较适合；仅加入MDEA 的质量分数为1.47%时的K/S值是不加入MDEA时的10倍，单独使用MDEA的用量不宜超过1.47%；MDEA和MDA都能提高染色性，但MDA质量分数增加，树脂强度增加，断裂伸长率下降，而加入MDEA的结果刚好相反所以研究了在它们共同作用下对树脂的影响，实验结果表明：MDA/MDEA的摩尔比值在1∶1 ～1∶2时，所制得树脂物性和染色K/S值均保持较高水平最后，本实验对自制的聚氨酯超纤合成革，采用嘉禾P系列中性染料对其进行染色，得到较高的上染百分率，透染性好，皂洗牢度和摩擦牢度也都能达到3级以上，染色性能良好本课题通过大量的实验，并结合实际生产工艺，制得的聚氨酯树脂在满足合成革加工的基本要求外，最大的特点是提高了它的染色K/S值，改善了PA/PU合成革的染色难问题，对实际生产有一定的指导意义。
目前，国内合成革的染色技术还不是很成熟，因此有相当大的发展空间 关键词：聚氨酯、超细纤维、合成革、染色STUDY ON THE PREPARATION OF POLYURETHANE RESIN APPLIED IN SUPERFINE SYNTHETIC LEATHER AND DYEINGABSTRACTSuperfine PA/PU synthetic leather is a synthetic leather made of superfine polyamide fiber and polyurethane by special process, its appearance character and inherent structure character are close to or reach the genuine leather .However, superfine fiber synthetic leather is a kind of composite material ,since molecular structure of the super polyamide fiber is different from polyurethane, and their dyeing are also widely different, which caused the synthetic leather dyeing as a difficult problem. For this reason, this subject is mainly to improve the polyurethane. The easy-dyeing polyurethane resin was prepared to make it reach the requirements of the processing of synthetic leather as well as improve dyeing evidently and reduce the dyeing difficulty of the synthetic leather. The easy-dyeing polyurethane resin was synthesized with diphenyl-methane -diisocyanate (MDI), different kinds of polyols and extend chain reagents. The effects of resin physical property and dyeing were also discussed. The dyeing performance of superfine synthetic leather made by myself was also studied. At first, this paper confirmed the synthetic reaction condition of the polyurethane resin through experiments: the temperature of pre-polymerization reaction was 70～80℃, the time of pre-polymerization was 90min; the temperature of chain extending reaction was 70℃, stopped reacting when reaching the density and viscosity stipulated in system. From the resin performance of mechanics, solidifying ,becoming skin ,and bearing solvent (toluene) etc. choose the polyols of polytetramethylene glycol (PTMG1000 and PTMG2000 ) and polyester polyol HP-3020 , extend chain reagent of the ethylene glycol (EG), the resin 100% modulus was 10MPa around, the solid content was (30±1)%,viscosity was 60～80 Pa·s/25℃. The structure of polyurethane was investigated by using infrared spectrogram which confirmed that it was polyester and polyether polyurethane. Secondly, extend chain reagents of N-Methyldiethanolamine (MDEA) and diphenyl-methane-diamine(MDA) effecting on polyurethane resin physical properties and dyeing K/S value were discussed. MDEA and MDA can improve the resin dyeing properties, but the molecular structures of MDEA and MDA have determined that their effects on resin physical performance were totally different. The experimental result showed that the optimal dosage of MDA was 1.47%～2.43% in the resin; The polyurethane K/S values of 1.47% dosage of MDEA is ten times than none of MDEA ,and the dosage of MDEA was not suitable to exceed 1.47% when using it alone. MDEA and MDA can both improve dyeability, when the content of MDA increased, resin tensile strength increased and elongation decreased, and the result of MDEA is just opposite. So their reacting together were studied, the result showed that when molar ratio of MDA and MDEA was 1∶1 to 1∶2, physical properties and dyeing K/S values of polyurethane resin had high performance. Finally, the dyeing performance of superfine synthetic leather made by myself with Jiahe P serial neutral dyes was studied. The dyeing behaviors of the products got both higher dye exhaustion and good dye penetrability. Rubbing and soaping fastness both reached more than 3 grade. Through a large number of experiments and production technology, the polyurethane resin in the paper had basic processing demands of the synthetic leather, the greatest character was to improve its dyeing K/S value, to improve the difficult problem of dyeing of the synthetic leather of PA/PU, produce certain directive significance. The dyeing technology of the synthetic leather is not still ripe at home, so there is considerable development space. Gong Yan-yan(Textile Ch。