第一讲2012年秋季班八年级英语讲义（教师版）范围：八年级第一学期主要词汇、句型、语法及练习A.《新世纪》Unit One, Lesson One: ComputersB.《牛津上海版》Unit One: Penfriends说明：音标与词性缩写统一为牛津版格式一、Words 单词A.1. main /meɪn/ adj. 主要的；重要的 · The main thing is the most important one of several similar things in a particular situation.e.g. What are the main reasons for going to university? The main point is that it lasts for a time. Usage: · 无比较级最高级· 常见搭配：main point（要点），main course（主菜），in the main（总的来说），with might and main（全力以赴地）2. unit /ˈju:nɪt/ n. 单位；（机械等的）部件，装置· A unit of measurement is a fixed standard quantity, length, or weight that is used for measuring things. · A unit is a small machine which has a particular function, often part of a larger machine. · If you consider something as a unit, you consider it as a single, complete thing. e.g. In most countries the unit of length is the meter. If the cooling unit gets clogged up with ice, it can’t do its job properly. The family is the basic unit of society.3. monitor /ˈmɔnɪtə(r)/ n. （计算机的）显示器；班长· A monitor is a screen which is used to display certain kinds of information, for example in airports or television studios.· You can refer to a person who checks that something is done correctly, or that it is fair, as a monitor.e.g. The information about the package tour to Hong Kong is on the monitor over there. Tom is our monitor. He is not only good at school subject, but also at sports.Usage:· 注意男女班长的拼写：monitor（男）班长，monitress（女）班长。
另外其他类似的用法有：host-hostess, actor-actress等4. mouse /maus/ n. （计算机的）鼠标；老鼠 · A mouse is a device that is connected to a computer. By moving it over a flat surface and pressing its buttons, you can move the cursor around the screen and do things without using the keyboard. · A mouse is a small furry animal with a long tail.e.g. There’s something wrong with the mouse. It can’t control the computer.The cat was there to keep the mice out of the kitchen.Usage:· mouse（老鼠）的复数形式为mice，但是mouse（鼠标）的复数形式mouses和mice都可。
5. electronic /ˌɪlekˈtrɔnɪk/ n. 电子器件adj. 电子器件的；电子的 · You can refer to electronic devices, or the part of a piece of equipment that consists of electronic devices, as the electronics.· An electronic device has transistors or silicon chips which control and change the electric current passing through the device.· An electronic process or activity involves the use of electronic devices.e.g. Man has done a lot to have modern developments in electronics.Mon bought me an electronic dictionary as a birthday present.We go to the amusement arcade on Saturdays to play the electronic games.Usage:· 辨析electronic、electric以及electrical。
electronic指电子的，以电子形式存在的，如electronic mail (电子邮件)、electronic dictionary(电子词典) electric指电力产生的，电动的，发电的，如electric fan(电风扇)、electric current(电 流) electrical指与电学相关的（人或物），如electrical engineering(电气工程)、electrical equipment(电气设备)6. process /ˈprəuses/ vt. 加工；处理 n. 过程；步骤；程序· When raw materials or foods are processed, they are prepared in factories before they are used or sold.· A process is a series of things which happen naturally and result in a biological or chemical change.· A process is a series of actions which are carried out in order to achieve a particular result.e.g. Vegetables and fruit nowadays are all further processed before customers buy them. It has been a long process getting this information. The scientist explained the chemical process to the students.Usage: · 常见搭配：in (the) process of = during（在什么期间）· 派生词：processing（n. 加工，处理） e.g. word processing（文字处理）7. control /kənˈtrəul/ vi. & vt.控制；操纵；支配 n. 控制· The people who control an organization or place have the power to take all the important decisions about the way that it is run. · To control a piece of equipment, process, or system means to make it work in the way that you want it to work. · If you control yourself, or if you control your feelings, voice, or expression, you make yourself behave calmly even though you are feeling angry, excited, or upset.· If you have control of something or someone, you are able to make them do what you want them to do. e.g. The Australia administration at that time controlled the island. Scientists would soon be able to manipulate human genes to control the ageing process. She also had a bad temper, but she controlled it. Everything is under control.Usage: · 常见搭配：take control of（取得对……控制），have/hold control over/of（控制着……），in control（控制着，处于统治地位），lose control of（失去对……控制），out of control（失去控制，无法控制），under control（被控制住）B.1. baseball /ˈbeɪsbɔ:l/ n. 棒球运动· In America, baseball is a game played by two teams of nine players. Each player from one team hits a ball with a bat and then tries to run around three bases and get to the home base before the other team can get the ball back. e.g. Baseball is beginning to be in the air in China.Usage: · 在使用play表达参加某项比赛或者体育运动的时候不加the，如play football, play tennis, play basketball。