八年级英语下册 M3U3预习指导一、知识点一、语法：现在完成时（二）1.现在完成时与一般过去时的区别：（1）二者意义上的区别：现在完成时表示过去发生的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果，强调现在的情况，它与现在有密切的关系它不是从时间上就是从结果上和现在联系了起来，不能和表示过去的时间状语连用一般过去时只表示过去的动作或状态，和现在不发生关系2）时间状语上不同：现在完成时的时间状语有：already, yet, still, ever, so far(到目前为止), recently, these days/weeks/years, since +时间点, for + 时间段, in the last/past (few years)等一般过去时的时间状语有：yesterday ~系列；last ~ 系列；~ago系列；in + 过去时间；及上下文暗示或其他一些特殊的时间状语Eg: (1) I have already seen the film.(强调我已经知道电影的内容)我已经看过这部电影了2) I saw the film last week. (强调我看电影的动作)我上周看了这部电影。
2.have been to … 去过某地（已经回来了）have gone to… 去了某地（还没有回来）have been in… 曾住在某地Eg: (1) I have been to Beijing twice. 我去过北京两次2) He has gone to Beijing.他去北京了（还没有回来）3) She has been in Beijing for 3 years.她在北京住了三年3.already, yet, ever, still在现在完成时中的区别：already“已经”用于肯定句中，与现在完成时连用，already不用于否定句中，但可用于疑问句中，表示期待对方做出明确或表示惊讶，此时already位于句末yet“已经”与现在完成时连用，用于否定句或疑问句中，位于句末，可与not连用表示“还没有”ever“曾经”用于现在完成时中，用于否定句、疑问句、比较结构或带if的句子中still“至今还，现在仍然”用于肯定句中Eg: (1) I have already seen the film.我已经看过这部电影了2) I haven’t finished reading this book yet.我还没有读完这本书。
3) Have you ever been there?你曾经去过那吗？(4) Tom is still here.汤姆还在那里注意：在含有already的句子中变一般疑问句时将already变为yet移到句尾Eg: I have already finished working.我已经做完工作了Have you finished working yet?你已经完成工作？二、知识讲解e back to … = go back to ...= return to ... 返回…Eg: The spaceship will come back next year.那艘宇宙飞船明年回来2.watch TV programme 看电视节目Eg: I’ve just watched a great TV programme about space.我刚刚看完这部非常好的关于太空的节目3.try (动词) “尝试；试图”try to do sth.尽力做某事Eg: I try to study hard to get good marks.我尽力努力学习为了取得好分数try doing sth. 试着做某事Eg: I try cooking well.我试着把饭做的好点。
Eg: try a piece 尝一块Try one’s best to do sth. 尽全力做某事Eg: I will try my best to help you.我会尽全力帮助你Try ...on..试穿...Eg: Can I try it on?我能试一试它吗？try (名词) 尝试 Eg: have a try 试一试4.Look for “寻找”强调动作Find “找到”强调结果Eg: She looked for her purse everywhere but she couldn’t find it.她到处找她的钱包但是没有找到5.finish (v.) 完成；结束常见搭配：finish doing sth. 结束做某事Eg: I will finish reading the book in two hours.我两个小时后会读完这本书6.as形容词 as 像…；如同…；和…一样not so/as 形容词 as … …比不上…Eg: Jack is not so/as clever as his elder sister.杰克不如他姐姐聪明。
That car runs as fast as this car.那辆车和这辆车跑的一样快7.for a long time 很长时间Eg: We have lived here for a long time.我们已经住在这很长时间了8.fly to… = go to 地点 by plane = take a plane to 地点 “坐飞机去...”Eg: We will fly to Beijing next week.= We will go to Beijing by plane next week.= We will take a plane to Beijing next week.我下周坐飞机去北京9.Write back 写回信常见搭配：write to sb. 写信给某人Eg: She always writes to me every week.她总是每周给我写信10.decide to do sth. 决定做某事Decide (动词) “决定” -- decision (名词) “决定”常见搭配：make a decision 做决定Eg: We decided to go there by bus.我们决定坐公交车去那。
11.watch sb./ sth.doing sth. 看见某人/某物正在做某事watch sb./sth.do sth. 看到某人/某物做某事Eg: I watch them playing games.我看它们在玩游戏We often watch them play football.我们经常看见他们踢足球12.The name of ... ...的名字Eg: Do you know the name of the village?你知道这个村庄的名字吗？13.for example “例如”一般用于列举同一类人或事物中的一个例子such as “例如”一般用于列举同类人或事物中的几个例子，但必须少于前面总数Eg: I like fruit, for example, I often eat bananas in the evening.我喜欢水果，例如，我经常晚上吃香蕉He knows several languages, such as English and Chinese.他直到几种语言，例如英语和中文14.be named after 被命名为Eg: The book is named after .这本书被命名为《你好，妈妈》。
15.Rest (名词) “休息” (动词) “休息”常见搭配：have a rest = have a break 休息一下Eg: I’m too tired, I need to have a rest.我太累了，我需要休息一下三、写作（一）常见短语1.Land on 着陆2.Receive some messages 收到一些信息3.Several times 几次4.Send sb.sth. 寄给某人某物5.Communicate with sb. 与某人交流（二）常见句型1.That’s because ... 那是因为...2.It will take a lot of time. 花了许多时间（三）写作步骤第一步：确认时态为现在完成时和一般过去时第二步：宇宙飞船在哪着陆并发现了什么第三步：为什么火星人没有给我们发信息和拜访我们地球范文：We sent the spaceship to Mars one year ago, and it has landed since several months ago.We have just received some messages from our spaceship to Mars several times.These messages show that there are people on Mars, and they lived there very happily.They didn’t send us any messages, that’s because they do not know how to do that, and they do not know how to visit us on the earth.So if we want to communicate with us , it will take a lot of time.二、练习题一、单项选择( )1.The movie Twilight is very moving and I have seen it twice _____.A.just B.already C.yet D.still( )2.My father ______ (be) to Qingdao twice.A.was B.has beenC.will be D.is( )3.I have already had _______ books.A.hundred of B.hundreds ofC.five hundreds D.five hundreds of( )4.I have ______ finished my work, have you finished yours ______?A.already; already B.yet; alreadyC.yet; yet D.already; yet( )5.-- Have you ever ______ the West Lake?-- Yes, I have.A.went to B.gone toC.been in D.been to( )6.I have many pen pals, but _____ of them i。