叙事一般用过去式,相应完毕时进行时等都要进行变换而其中的议论一般是使用一般时,由于是自己的评论想法感受等例如感觉疲劳那用过去时,而光荣等能持续到目前的,一般就用目前时 ﻫ如果是客观真理事实,那么无论如何都要用目前时 ﻫ议论文、阐明文一般用一般时 ﻫ特别注旨在直接引语中要用一般时态(特殊状况除外)1.要是明天下雨的话,这场比赛就要取消ﻫ[误] The match will be canceled if it will rain tomorrow.[正] The match will be canceled if it rains tomorrow.分析:在条件从句里要用一般目前时态表将来,因此will rain应当改为rains.但是will如果表达意愿的话,可以用条件从句或时间从句表将来但主语一定要是人例如:ﻫIf you will come, you can.ﻫ如果你乐意的话,你可以跟我去ﻫ2.地理教师告诉我们,地球是绕太阳转的[误] The geography teacher told us that the earth moved round the sun.[正] The geography teacher told us that the earth moves round the sun.分析:根据时态一致性原则,主句的谓语如果是一般过去时态时,从句一般要与其时态相应。
即从句的时态必须用过去时态、过去进行时态、过去完毕时态等但如果从句所体现的内容是一种规律、习惯性的东西,从句的谓语也不要变化3.你总是犯这个错误[误] You always make the same mistake.[正] You are always making the same mistake.分析:be + 频度副词 + 目前分词,这种进行时态,是一种体现具有感情色彩的体现一般目前时态不能体现这个含义ﻫ4.我们立即就要出发了,因此没有时间去看她了ﻫ[误] We are about to leave at once, so there is no time to visit him.ﻫ[正] We are about to leave, so there is no time to visit him.ﻫ分析:be about to do sth意思是“即将,立即…”它不能和以一时间状语连用:ﻫtomorrow, at once, soon, in a moment, in time, immediately等5.我本来打算去告诉你的,可是我错过了最后一班车[误] I would tell you about it, but I missed the last bus.[正] I was going to tell you about it, but I missed the last bus.分析:过去打算要做什么,要用was/were going to do这个句型。
would do 这种将来时态没有筹划和安排的含义6.转眼间在这里一下就住了十年了[误] It is ten years since we have lived here.ﻫ[正] It is ten years since we lived here.分析:It is + 时间 + since…意思是“自从…以来又有…”在此句型中,前面主句的时态应当用is或has been, 在现代英语中,多用is从句的时态应当用过去时态,如果前面主句用的是过去时态,背面的从句相应当用过去完毕时态例如:It was three years since he had joined the army five years ago.ﻫ7.这是她第二次去美国了ﻫ[误] This is the second time that he went to the United States.[正] This is the second time that he has been to the United States.ﻫ分析:要体现第几次做什么事,应当用“it is + 序数词 + (that) + 主语 + have done ”这个句型。
如果该句型里的is用过去时态,那么,从句里的时态也应当用过去完毕时态那么这个句型为:It was + 序数词 + (that) + 主语 + had done.ﻫ8.妈妈对孩子说:“作业没做完,你不出去玩[误] You can’t go out to play as your homework is not being finished.ﻫ[正] You can’t go out to play before your homework will be finished.ﻫ分析: before 是一种表达时间的连词,它连接的时间状语从句应当且一般目前时态表将来,因此,从句的谓语应当由将来时态改一般目前时态ﻫ9.她们一回到家里,就下起雨来了ﻫ[误] They hardly got home when it began to rain.[正] They had hardly got home when it began to rain.[正]Hardly had they got home when it began to rain.分析:hardly…when/before…是一组连词,意思是“一…就…”。
在这个连词连接的句子中,句子的前半部分应当用过去完毕时态后部分用过去时态在这个句型中,如果hardly放在句首,这个句子应当倒倒装具有相似用法与意思的连词尚有:no sooner…than…; scarcely…when/before…等ﻫ10.上个星期我们本来打算来看你的ﻫ[误] We hoped to come and see you last week.[正] We had hoped to come and see you last week.分析:had hoped to do 表达过去没有实现的愿望类似的句型尚有如下:ﻫ had meant to do (==meant to have done …) had intended to do (==intended to have done …)ﻫ had thought to do (==thought to have done…)ﻫ had hoped that + 主语 + would do…11.她打告诉我说她丢失的眼镜找到了ﻫ[误] He phoned to tell me that he found the lost glasses.[正] He phoned to tell me that he had found the lost glasses.ﻫ分析:根据时态的致性原则,主句用一般过去时态时,从句应当用过去时态(过去进行时态、一般过去时态、过去完毕时态)。
如果从句的动作发生在主句谓语动词所示的动作之前,从句应当用过去完毕时态12.要是我买了昨天的音乐会的票那就好了ﻫ[误] If only I bought the ticket for the concert yesterday.ﻫ[正] If only I had bought the ticket for the concert yesterday.分析:if only 是一种固定词组,意思是“要是…那就好了”这是体现一种针对过去的一种虚拟的愿望在该句型中,谓语致词应当用过去完毕时态类似这样的体现虚拟的句型尚有:wish that + 主语 + had done….(但愿过去做过…);would/had rather (that) + 主语 + had done…13.但愿你们可以马到成功ﻫ[误] You are hoped to succeed at the beginning.[正] It is hoped that you will succeed at the beginning.ﻫ分析:hope sb to do sth这外句型是错误的hope 不能带不定式作复合宾语要体现这个意思有两种措施:① it is hoped that…; ② We hoped that you will…ﻫ14. 这个问题目前很难解决。
ﻫ[误] This problem is difficult to be solved at present.ﻫ[正] This problem is difficult to solve at present.ﻫ分析:在“…adj + to do”这种构造中,作状语的不定式与该的主语构成逻辑动词关系,习惯上,这下不定式应当用积极表被动15. 你应当在8:00 赶到ﻫ[误] You supposed to arrive at 8:00.[正] You are supposed to arrive at 8:00.分析:be supposed to do sth这是一种句型,意思是“理应 如果用于否认,意思是“不可表达一种委婉的严禁例如:ﻫYou are not supposed to smoke in this building.你可不要在这栋建筑物里抽烟16. 在那些日子里,那些工人们被迫工作12小时以上[误] The workers are made work over twenty hours a day in those days.[正] The workers are made to work over twenty hours a day in those days.ﻫ分析:动词不定式在使径动词后make, let及感管动词后feel, watch, see, notice, hear, listen to, observe等动词后作宾语补时,常省略to,但转换成被动语态时,一定要加上这个to.ﻫ17. 这种布摸起来很柔软。
ﻫ[误] This kind of cloth is felt soft.ﻫ[正] This kind of cloth feels soft.分析:感管动词feel, taste, sound, smell, look, seem, appear等的积极形式表被动含义ﻫ18. 她讲的英语人家听不懂[误] He can’t make himself understand in English.[正] He can’t make himself understood in English.ﻫ分析:make oneself + 过去分词,这是一种句型,意思是“让自己被人家所理解”类似这样的动词尚有:feel, hear, realize, understand,pay attention to, know等19. 你昨天把什么送去修理了[误] What did you have to repair yesterday?ﻫ[正] What did you have repaired yesterday?ﻫ分析:have sth done,此句型的意思是“让某事被做”ﻫ20. 那栋房子是属于她的。
ﻫ[误] That house is belonged to him.[正] That house belong to him.ﻫ分析:belong to是及物动词,但是没有被动语态如下动词同样没有被动语态:take place; break out等。