英语的句子结构主语主语 谓语谓语 表语表语 宾语宾语 间接宾语间接宾语 直接宾语直接宾语 补语补语 英语的句子结构简单句简单句并列句复合句*几个简单句用分号或并列连词连接起来构成并列句; *几个简单句可通过各种方式组合成含有主句和从句的复合句简单句简单句SV SVP SVOSVOiOd SVOC简单句的五种句型1）SV 主语＋谓语eg. The telephone rang.His father might have died.2) SVP 主语＋谓语＋表语 eg. The plan sounds perfect.Frank is an artist. 3) SVO 主语＋谓语＋宾语 eg. I saw a bird.My sister enjoyed the play.简单句的五种句型4）SVOiOd 主语＋谓语+间接宾语＋直接宾语eg. The lady gave Jack a watch.My father bought me a bicycle.5) SVOC 主语＋谓语＋宾语＋补语 eg. They called him a fool.She found the children fast asleep.*在阅读句子的时候，第一个任务就是要找到谓语! *做谓语的动词有时态、语态和数的变化；还有及物动词与不及物动词的区别。
Ex: Find out the predicate in each sentence.Ex: Find out the predicate in each sentence.1. The soup tastes good.2. The boy is interested in playing PC games. 3. The boss made the workers work long hours.4. He practises playing the piano every day.5. They had finished the job when the boss came.6. Record every word you hear.7. He didn’t turn to me for help.*在英语简单句中，只能有而且（一般情况下） 必须有一一个谓语部分！ 句子成分的构成句子的主干成分：主语、谓语、宾语、表语句子的次要成分：定语、状语、补语、 插入语、同位语句子成分的构成主语可以用以下这些表示：主语可以用以下这些表示：1. 名词；2. 代词； 3. 数词；4. 动名词；5. 不定式；6. 词组或复合结构；7. 从句；8. 名词化的其他词类。
eg:A foreign language is a weapon in the struggle of life.Who is speaking, please? This is Jack speaking.Two will be enough.Smoking is very dangerous.To see is to believe.Whether we’ll go depends on the weather.“A” is an article.一、主语二、表语二、表语 表语跟在表语跟在bebe动词和系动词之后，可以用下面动词和系动词之后，可以用下面这些东西表示：这些东西表示：1. 名词；2. 代词；3. 数词；4. 形容词；5. 分词；6. 动名词；7. 不定式；8. 副词；9. 介词短语； 10. 词组；11. 从句如：The masses are the real heroes.That’s something we have always to keep in mind.She was the first to learn about it.Time is pressing. Let’s hurry up.All I could do was sending him a telegram.We must be off now.My idea is that we should stick to our original plan.三、宾语三、宾语 宾语跟在及物动词后，有直接间接之分宾语跟在及物动词后，有直接间接之分 ，可以用下面这些东西表示：，可以用下面这些东西表示：1. 名词；2. 代词；3. 数词；4. 动名词；5. 不定式；6. 复合结构；7. 从句；8. 名词化的形容词及其他词类， 如： She died a heroic death.They didn’t promise him anything definite.How many do you want? We need two.Pay attention to uniting and working with comrades who differ with you.Learn to play the piano.I’ll get it stamped.Did you write down what she said? He gave me a new pencil.He gave a new pencil to me.四、定语四、定语 定语起类似于形容词的修饰作用，定语起类似于形容词的修饰作用， 可以用下面这些东西表示：可以用下面这些东西表示：1. 形容词；2. 代词；3. 数词；4. 名词或名词所有格；5. 分词； 6. 不定式；7. 介词短语；8. 副词；9. 词组或合 成词；10. 从句（即定语从句）。
如：His words moved everyone present.We belong to the third world.We must live up to the Party’s expectations.This is indeed a most pressing problem.There are two things to be discussed today.He is a man of good temper.I saw a bird which was eating a worm in the tree.五、状语五、状语 状语类似于副词，可以用下面这些东西表示状语类似于副词，可以用下面这些东西表示1. 副词；2. 介词短语；3. 不定式；4. 分词；5. 形容词；6. 词组；7. 复合结构；8. 从句，如：They were greatly touched to hear the old man’s story. They did everything they could to save the boy’s life. I said it in fun. They all rushed over, eager to help. They returned tired and hungry. He came up shouldering a spade. We completed the work five days ahead of time. (词组)Seeing this, some students became very worried. (分词)He entered the room, his nose red with cold. (复合结构) 并列句与复合句*几个简单句用分号或并列连词连接起来构成并列句．这样的连接词有:1) 表示意义延伸的并列连词：and, not only…but (also), neither…nor 2) 表示选择概念的并列连词:or, either…or, 3) 表示转折的并列连词:but, while, however, etc.4) 表示原因的:foreg:1) As is reported, a trade agreement was signed and a cultural exchange was arranged.2) Not only is he himself interested in the subject but all his students are beginning to show an interest in it.3）Dr. Fisher neither loves the environment, nor is he accustomed to the weather. * 几个简单句可通过各种方式组合成含有主句和从句的复合句。
构成从属关系的复杂句包括名词性分句(可以作主语、宾语、同位语、主语补语）、定语分句、状语分句实际应用II. Choose the best answers：1. ____ some of this juice—perhaps you’ll like it.(’00春季 ) 1. A. Trying B. Try 2. C. To try D. Having tried实际应用 I2. He sent me an e-mail, ____ to get further information. (’00上海)A. hoped B. hoping C. to hope D. hope实际应用I3. _____ late in the morning, Bob turned off thealarm. (’01春招)A. Sleep B. Sleeping C. To sleep D. Having slept实际应用I4. _____ at the door before entering, please.(’01春招)A. Knocked B. To knock C. Knocking D. Knock实际应用I5. _____ blood if you can and many lives will besaved. (’01上海）A. Giving B. Give C. Given D. To give实际应用I6. The manager, ____ his factory’s products werepoor in quality, decided to give his workers further training. (’03春招）A. knowing B. known C. to know D. being known 实际应用I7. It is believed that if a book is ____, it will surely_____ the reader. (’03上海)A. interested; interest B. interesting; be interestedC. interested; be interesting D. interesting; interest 实际应用I8. Suddenly, a tall man driving a golden carriage_____ the girl and took her away, ____ into thewoods. (’04上海)A. seizing; disappearedB. seized; disappearedC. seizing; disappearingD. seized; disappearing 实际应用I9. The flowers ____ sweet in the botanic gardenattract the visitors to the beauty of nature.(’04上海)A. to smell。