1Radiotelephony Communications For Air Traffic Controllers 2Level instructions 3Level instructions 4 5 6 7高度的描述 8高度的描述高度的描述 •（数字）米，QNH（或QFE）（数字）（修正海平面气压高度或场压高度）•(number) METERS, QNH (or QFE) (number)通用用语 9通用用语•上升（或下降）到（高度） CLIMB (or DESCEND) TO (level)•上升（或下降）（高度）保持 CLIMB (or DESCEND) TO AND MAINTAIN (level)•报告高度 REPORT LEVEL (or flight level or altitude or height )高度的改变、报告和升降率及高度的改变、报告和升降率及TCAS指令指令 10•在（或到）（时间或重要点之前）上升（或下降）到（高度） CLIMB (or DESCEND) TO REACH (level) AT (or BY) (time or significant point)•离开（或到达，或通过）（高度）报告 REPORT LEAVING (or REACHING, or PASSING) (level)通用用语高度的改变、报告和升降率及高度的改变、报告和升降率及TCAS指令指令 11•上升（或下降）率（数值）米秒（英制单位可省略） CLIMB (or DESCEND) AT (number) METERS PER SECOND (or FEET PER MINUTE)•上升（或下降）率不小于（或不大于）（数值）米秒（英制单位可省略） CLIMB (or DESCEND) AT (number) METERS PER SECOND (or FEET PER MINUTE) OR GREATER (or LESS)通用用语高度的改变、报告和升降率及高度的改变、报告和升降率及TCAS指令指令 12•开始加速或减速报告 REPORT STARTING ACCELERATION (or DECELERATION)•保持至少高于（或低于）（航空器呼号）（数字）米 MAINTAIN AT LEAST (number) METERS ABOVE (or BELOW) (aircraft callsign)通用用语高度的改变、报告和升降率及高度的改变、报告和升降率及TCAS指令指令 13•在（时间或重要点）〕向（单位）请求改变高度（或高度层，或修正海压高度） REQUEST LEVEL (or FLIGHT LEVEL, or ALTITUDE) CHANGE FROM (name of unit) [AT (time or significant point)]•在（高度）停止上升（或下降） STOP CLIMB (or DESCENT) AT (level)通用用语高度的改变、报告和升降率及高度的改变、报告和升降率及TCAS指令指令 14•继续上升（或下降）到（高度）•CONTINUE CLIMB (or DESCENT) TO (level)•尽快上升（或下降）〔通过（高度）〕•EXPEDITE CLIMB (or DESCENT) [UNTIL PASSING (level)]通用用语高度的改变、报告和升降率及高度的改变、报告和升降率及TCAS指令指令 15通用用语•准备好时，上升（或下降）到（高度）•WHEN READY, CLIMB (or DESCENT) TO (level)•预计在（时间或重要点）上升（或下降）•EXPECT CLIMB (or DESCENT) AT (time or significant point)•*请求在（时间）下降•*REQUEST DESCENT AT (time)高度的改变、报告和升降率及高度的改变、报告和升降率及TCAS指令指令 16•需要在特定时间或地点采取行动时 •立即（在规定的时间或地点实施的指令）•IMMEDIATELY•通过（重要点）后•AFTER PASSING (significant point)•在（时间或重要点）•AT (time or significant point)•准备好时（指令）•WHEN READY (instruction)通用用语高度的改变、报告和升降率及高度的改变、报告和升降率及TCAS指令指令 17•要求航空器在上升（或下降）期间自行保持间隔和目视气象条件•从（高度）〕〔到（高度）〕 自行保持间隔和目视气象条件飞行•MAINTAIN OWN SEPARATION AND VMC [FROM (level)] [TO (level)]•在（高度）之上（或下）自行保持间隔和目视气象条件飞行•MAINTAIN OWN SEPARATION AND VMC ABOVE (or BELOW) (level)•自行保持间隔和目视气象条件飞行到（高度）•MAINTAIN OWN SEPARATION AND VMC TO (level)通用用语高度的改变、报告和升降率及高度的改变、报告和升降率及TCAS指令指令 18•在对航空器能否执行许可或指令有疑问时，有如下说法：•如果不行，（其他指令），并通知我•IF UNABLE, (alternative instructions) AND ADVISE•你能飞高度（数值）吗?•CAN YOU ACCEPT FLIGHT LEVEL (number)?通用用语高度的改变、报告和升降率及高度的改变、报告和升降率及TCAS指令指令 19•航空器驾驶员无法执行许可或指令时•*不能•*UNABLE•当航空器驾驶员执行TCAS指令上升或下降后，航空器驾驶员和空中交通管制员之间的通话•*TCAS上升（或下降）•*TCAS CLIMB (or DESCENT)•（表示收到的指令）•(acknowledgement)通用用语高度的改变、报告和升降率及高度的改变、报告和升降率及TCAS指令指令 20•当TCAS冲突消除以后，航空器驾驶员和空中交通管制员之间的通话•*正在返回（原来的管制许可）•*RETURNING TO (assigned clearance)•表示收到的指令）（或其他管制指令）•(acknowledgement) (or alternative instructions)通用用语高度的改变、报告和升降率及高度的改变、报告和升降率及TCAS指令指令 21•TCAS排除冲突后，航空器驾驶员和空中交通管制员之间的通话•*TCAS上升（或下降），正在返回（原来的管制许可）•*TCAS CLIMB (or DESCENT), RETURNING TO (assigned clearance)•（表示收到的指令）•(acknowledgement) (or alternative instructions)通用用语高度的改变、报告和升降率及高度的改变、报告和升降率及TCAS指令指令 22•TCAS排除冲突后，已经回到原来的许可，空中交通管制员和航空器驾驶员之间的通话•*TCAS上升或下降结束，已经返回（原来的管制许可）•*TCAS CLIMB (or DESCENT) COMPLETED, (assigned clearance) RESUMED•（表示收到的指令）•(acknowledgement) (or alternative instructions)通用用语高度的改变、报告和升降率及高度的改变、报告和升降率及TCAS指令指令 23•当TCAS提示无法执行管制指令时，空中交通管制员与航空器驾驶员之间的通话•*TCAS提示，不能执行你的指令•*UNABLE, TCAS RESOLUTION ADVISORY•（表示收到的指令）•(acknowledgement)•注：在TCAS指令中，表示收到的指令为“明白”或“收到”（the phrase such as “ROGER”can be used for the acknowledgement instruction）。
通用用语高度的改变、报告和升降率及高度的改变、报告和升降率及TCAS指令指令下面我们听一些有关高度的例子，让同学们有个感性认识下面我们听一些有关高度的例子，让同学们有个感性认识 24通用用语管制移交及转换频率管制移交及转换频率•〔现在〕联系（单位呼号）（频率）•CONTACT (unit call sign) (frequency) [NOW]•CHANGE TO (unit call sign) (frequency) •在（或过）（时间或地点）或〔当〕经过（或离开，或到达）（高度），联系（单位呼号）（频率）•AT (or OVER) (time or place) [or WHEN] [PASSING, or LEAVING, or REACHING] (level), CONTACT (unit call sign) (frequency) 25通用用语管制移交及转换频率管制移交及转换频率•如果联系不上（指令）•IF NOT CONTACT (instructions)•在（单位呼号）（频率）上等待•STAND BY (frequency) FOR (unit call sign)•注：当管制单位有意首先与航空器联系时，要求航空器守听播放情报的频率。
26通用用语管制移交及转换频率管制移交及转换频率•*请求转换频率（频率）•*REQUEST CHANGE TO (frequency)•同意转换频率•FREQUENCY CHANGE APPROVED•守听（单位呼号）（频率）•MONITOR (unit call sign) (frequency)•*守听（频率）•*MONITORING (frequency) 27通用用语管制移交及转换频率管制移交及转换频率•准备好，联系（单位）（频率）•WHEN READY CONTACT (unit call sign) (frequency)•保持长守•REMAIN THIS FREQUENCY 28通用用语呼号的改变呼号的改变 •指示航空器改变其呼号类型•〔在得到进一步通知前〕将你的呼号改为（新呼号）•CHANGE YOUR CALL SIGN TO (new call sign) [UNTIL FURTHER ADVISED] 29通用用语•在（重要点）〕，恢复到飞行计划中的呼号（呼号）•REVERT TO FLIGHT PLAN CALL SIGN (call sign) [(AT (significant point)]•注：通知航空器恢复到飞行计划中填写的呼号。
呼号的改变呼号的改变 30通用用语飞行活动通报飞行活动通报 •飞行活动（情报内容）•TRAFFIC (information)•注：情报内容通常包括方位、飞行方向、距离、机型、高度等•没有活动报告•NO REPORTED TRAFFIC 31•飞行活动情报的确认•*正在观察•*LOOKING OUT•*看到活动•*TRAFFIC IN SIGHT•*没有看到〔原因〕•*NEGATIVE CONTACT [reasons]通用用语飞行活动通报飞行活动通报 32•〔还有〕向（方向）飞行的活动，（机型）、（高度），预计（或过）（重要点）（时间）•[ADDITIONAL] TRAFFIC (direction) BOUND (type of aircraft) (level) ESTIMATED（or OVER) (significant point) AT (time)通用用语飞行活动通报飞行活动通报 33•（类别）无人驾驶气球〔预计〕（或过）（重要点）（时间）报告高度为（高度）〔或高度不明〕向（方向）移动，（其他任何相关信息）•TRAFFIC IS (classification) UNMANNED FREE BALLOON(S) WAS [or ESTIMATED] OVER (place) AT (time), REPORTED (level(s)) [or LEVEL UNKNOWN] MOVING (direction) (other pertinent information, if any)通用用语飞行活动通报飞行活动通报 34&When should the pilot be informed of the traffic information?Traffic InformationTraffic Information &How should the radar controller give the traffic information? 35relative bearing of the conflicting traffic in terms of the 12-hour clock;distance from the conflicting traffic in kilometers (nautical miles);direction in which the conflicting traffic appears to be proceeding;level and type of aircraft or, if unknown, relative speed of the conflicting traffic, e.g. slow or fast.Traffic InformationTraffic Information 36121210101 12 23 39 98 84 41111Traffic Information Traffic Information 8miles 37OSTMXSJY-AEX 600 630ZFKGRADAR: JY-AEX Baghdad Control, you have unknown traffic at 2 o’clock 5 miles crossing from right to left. 38P: JY-AEX traffic in sight. 39P: Looking out JY-AEX. Request vectors. P: Negative contact JY-AEX. Request vectors. Where is it? 40C: JY-AEX clear of traffic. 41•Phraseology relative to traffic maneuvering information:•closing;•converging;•parallel;•same direction;•opposite direction;•diverging;•overtaking;•crossing left to right;•crossing right to left. Traffic Information Traffic Information 42Traffic Information Traffic Information 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51Sand storm in May 5th,1993Sand storm in May 5th,1993 52通用用语通用用语•〔地面〕风（数值）度（数值）米秒•[SURFACE] WIND (number) DEGREES (speed) METERS PER SECOND•在（高度）上风向（数字）风速（数字）公里小时（或节）气象情报气象情报 53•在（高度）上风向（数字）风速（数字）公里小时（或节）•WIND AT (level) (number) DEGREES (number) KILOMETERS PER HOUR (or KNOTS)•注：风是用平均风向风速以及风向风速的重大变化来表达的。
通用用语通用用语气象情报气象情报 54•能见度（距离）（单位）〔方向〕•VISIBILITY (distance) (units) [direction]•〔（号码）跑道〕跑道视程（或RVR）（距离）（单位）•RUNWAY VISUAL RANGE（or RVR) [RUNWAY (number)] (distance) (units)通用用语通用用语气象情报气象情报 55•〔（号码）跑道〕跑道视程无法提供或没有报告•RUNWAY VISUAL RANGE (or RVR) RUNWAY (number) NOT AVAILABLE (or NOT REPORTED)通用用语通用用语气象情报气象情报 56•〔（号码）跑道〕跑道视程（第一段）（距离）（单位），（第二段）（距离）（单位），（第三段）（距离）（单位）•RUNWAY VISUAL RANGE (or RVR) [RUNWAY (number)] (first position) (distance) (units), (second position) (distance) (units) (third position) (distance) (units)通用用语通用用语气象情报气象情报 57•注：适用于多点观测跑道视程的情况。
多点观测的跑道视程分别代表接地段、中间段、停止端的跑道视程，并按照位置顺序通报：第一段：接地段；第二段：中间段；第三段：停止端（first position: touchdown, second position: midpoint, third position: stop end）通用用语通用用语气象情报气象情报 58•〔（号码）跑道〕跑道视程（第一段）（距离）（单位），（第二段）空缺，（第三段）（距离）（单位）•RUNWAY VISUAL RANGE (or RVR) [RUNWAY (number)] (first position) (distance) (units), (second position) NOT AVAILABLE, (third position) (distance) (units)•注：包含无法获得的其中某一段的跑道视程情报通用用语通用用语气象情报气象情报 59•现在天气（详细内容）•PRESENT WEATHER (details)•（云量）〔云状〕云底（高度）（单位）（或晴空）（云量按照少云（FEW）、疏云（SCT）、多云（BKN）、阴天（OVC）发布）•CLOUD (amount, [(type)] and height of base) (units) (or SKY CLEAR)通用用语通用用语气象情报气象情报 60•天气良好•CAVOK (CAV-O-KAY)•温度〔负〕（数值），露点〔负〕（数值）•TEMPERATURE [MINUS] (number), (and/or DEW-POINT [MINUS] (number))•QNH（或QFE）（数值）（单位）•QNH (or QFE) (number) (units)通用用语通用用语气象情报气象情报 61•（航空器类别）（时间）报告（区域）[云中]（描述）结冰（或颠簸或风切变）•(aircraf type) REPORTED (description) ICING (or TURBULENCE or WINDSHEAR) [IN CLOUD] (area) (time)•报告飞行条件•REPORT FLIGHT CONDITIONS通用用语通用用语气象情报气象情报 62通用用语通用用语•下一次在（重要点）报告•NEXT REPORT AT (significant point)•省略位置报告〔直至（详细说明）〕•OMIT POSITION REPORT [UNTIL (specify)]•恢复位置报告•RESUME POSITION REPORTING位置报告位置报告 63•过（重要点）报告•REPORT PASSING (significant point)•距（DME台名称）DME（距离）报告•REPORT (distance) FROM (name of DME station) DME•注：在规定点或距离报告位置。
通用用语通用用语位置报告位置报告-附加报告附加报告 64•通过（VOR名称）VOR（三位数字）径向线报告•REPORT PASSING (three digits) RADIAL (name of VOR) VOR•报告距（重要点）的距离•REPORT DISTANCE FROM (significant point)•报告距（DME台名称）DME的距离•REPORT DISTANCE FROM (name of DME station) DME通用用语通用用语位置报告位置报告-附加报告附加报告 65Position reportingPosition reports shall contain the following elements of information:─ATSU callsign─Aircraft identification ─Position ─Time ─Level ─Next position and time over ─Ensuing significant point 66Flight plans─Aircraft identification and type.─Position and heading.─Level and flight conditions.─Departure aerodrome.─Estimated time at entry point.─Route and point of first intended landing.─True airspeed.─Desired level on airway or advisory route.The format for an airborne flight plan is as follows: 67P: Beijing Control,P: Beijing Control, CCA1212, over CCA1212, over YQG, at 15, YQG, at 15, maintaining maintaining 9600m, estimating 9600m, estimating BTO at 35, next BTO at 35, next VYKVYKP: Beijing P: Beijing Control,Control, CCA1212, over CCA1212, over BTO, at 35, BTO, at 35, maintaining maintaining 9600m, estimating 9600m, estimating VYK at 50, VYK at 50, 68Position information•1) P : Santa Barbara Control Clipper 246 over Santa Barbara at 14 fl330 estimating Dinty at 35 C: Clipper 246 Santa Barbara roger. Climb to fl370 and report over Duets.•2) P: Los Angeles Control N191TX over Daggetts at 30 fl330 estimating San Bernadino at 02 05 C: N191TX Los Angeles Control roger. Maintain present level omit position reports until San Bernadino. 69Position information35km35kmVYKVYKACC: HDA306, report ACC: HDA306, report 35KM VYK DME. 35KM VYK DME.PIL: Roger, HDA306.PIL: Roger, HDA306. 70ACC: AFR129, report distance from BTO VOR.PIL: 47KM from BTO VOR, AFR129. 47km47kmBTOBTOPosition information 71ACC: BAW716, report passing 110 radial BTO VOR.PIL: Roger, BAW716. Position informationBTOBTO 72ACC: UAL117, report 25KM DME radial 170 VYK VOR.PIL: Roger, UAL117. Position informationVYKVYK25km25km 73–Essential aerodrome information is information regarding the manoeuvring area and its associated facilities which is necessary to ensure the safe operation of aircraft.–Aerodrome information should be passed to aircraft whenever possible prior to start-up or taxi and prior to the commencement of final approach. Aerodrome information 74–Aerodrome information includes information regarding the following: vconstruction or maintenance work on, or immediately adjacent to the manoeuvring area;vrough or broken surfaces on a runway or a taxiway, whether marked or not;vsnow or ice on a runway or a taxiway; Aerodrome information 75vwater on a runway;vsnow banks or drifts adjacent to a runway or a taxiway vother temporary hazards, including parked aircraft and birds on the ground or in the air;vfailure or irregular operation of part or all of the aerodrome lighting systems;vany other pertinent information. Aerodrome information 76Aerodrome informationvWhen conditions of standing water, with or without reports of braking action, are brought to the attention of a controller, the available information will be passed to aircraft likely to be affected.vInformation that water is on a runway shall be passed to aircraft using the terms "DAMP", "WET", "WATER PATCHES" or "FLOODED" according to the amount of water present. 77Aerodrome informationvWhen suitable equipment is available reports of braking action on wet runways will be passed to pilots.vReports from pilots may be re-transmitted by a controller when it is felt that the information may prove useful to other aircraft:v"BRAKING ACTION REPORTED BY (aircraft type) AT (time) (assessment of braking action)".vOther runway surface conditions which may be of concern to a pilot shall be transmitted by ATC at an appropriate time. 78Aerodrome information 79Aerodrome information 80Aerodrome information 81Aerodrome information 82Aerodrome information 83Aerodrome information 84Aerodrome information 85Aerodrome information 86通用用语通用用语•〔（位置）〕道面状况（号码）跑道（情况）•[(location)] RUNWAY SURFACE CONDITION RUNWAY (number) (condition)•〔（号码）〕跑道（位置）道面状况（没有最新）观测报告•[(location)] RUNWAY SURFACE CONDITION RUNWAY (number) NOT CURRENT机场情报机场情报 87•着陆道面（情况）•LANDING SURFACE (condition)•注意（地点）的施工•CAUTION CONSTRUCTION WORK (location)•注意跑道右侧（或左侧，或两侧）（说明原因）•CAUTION (specify reason) RIGHT (or LEFT) , (or BOTH SIDES) OF RUNWAY [number]通用用语通用用语机场情报机场情报 88•注意正在施工（或障碍物）（位置及必要的建议）•CAUTION WORK IN PROGRESS (or OBSTRUCTION) (position and any necessary advice)通用用语通用用语机场情报机场情报 89•（观测时间）报告，（号码）跑道（降水类型）达到（沉积物厚度）毫米。
刹车效应好（或较好，或中，或较差，或差，或不可靠），[或刹车系数（使用设备和数值）]•RUNWAY REPORT AT (observation time) RUNWAY (number), (type of precipitation) UP TO (depth of deposit) MILLIMETERS, BRAKING ACTION GOOD (or MEDIUM TO GOOD, or MEDIUM, or MEDIUM TO POOR, or POOR or UNRELIABLE), [and/or BRAKING COEFFICIENT (equipment and number)]通用用语通用用语机场情报机场情报 90•（机型）在（时间）报告的刹车效应好（或中，或差）•BRAKING ACTION REPORTED BY (aircraft type) AT (time) GOOD (or MEDIUM, or POOR)•（时间）刹车效应〔（位置）〕为（读数）（测量设备）跑道（号码）温度〔负〕（数字）度•BRAKING ACTION [(location)] (measuring equipment used), RUNWAY (number), TEMPERATURE [MINUS] (number), WAS (reading) AT (time)通用用语通用用语机场情报机场情报 91•跑道（或滑行道）是湿的〔或潮的，有块状积水，被水淹没（厚度）（在可能的情况下说明长度和宽度）积雪已清除，或已经处理，或覆盖块状干雪（或湿雪，或压实的雪，或雪水，或冻雪水，或冰，或下面有结冰，或冰和雪，或雪堆，或有凹凸不平的冻冰覆盖）〕•RUNWAY (or TAXIWAY) (number) WET [or DAMP, WATER PATCHES, FLOODED (depth), or SNOW REMOVED (length and width as applicable), or TREATED, or COVERED WITH PATCHES OF DRY SNOW (or WET SNOW, or COMPACTED SNOW, or SLUSH, or FROZEN SLUSH, or ICE, or ICE UNDERNEATH, or ICE AND SNOW, or SNOW DRIFT, or FROZEN RUTS AND RIDGES)]通用用语通用用语机场情报机场情报 92通用用语通用用语塔台观测（塔台观测（气象情报气象情报））TOWER OBSERVES (weather information)•航空器驾驶员报告（气象情报）•PILOT REPORT (weather information) 93通用用语通用用语助航设备工作状况助航设备工作状况•（号码）跑道（目视或非目视助航设备说明）（不正常工作情况描述）•(specify visual or non-visual aid) RUNWAY (number) (description of deficiency)•（类别）灯光（不能提供服务）•(type) LIGHTING (unserviceability)•MLS（或ILS）（类别）类（工作状况）•MLS (or ILS) CATEGORY (category) (serviceability state) 94通用用语通用用语•滑行道灯光（不正常情况描述）•TAXIWAY LIGHTING (description of deficiency)•（号码）跑道的（目视进近坡度指示器类别）（不正常情况描述）•(type of visual approach slope indicator) RUNWAY (number) (description of deficiency)助航设备工作状况助航设备工作状况 。