2022年全国硕士研究生考试考研英语(一)试题及答案Section I Use of EnglishDirections:Translate the following text into Chinese. Write your translation on theANSWER SHEET. (15 points)The idea that plants have some degree of consciousness first took root in the early 2000s; the term "plant neurobiology" was 1 around the notion thatsome aspects of plant behavior could be 2 to intelligence in animals.3 plants lack brains, the firing of electrical signals in their stems and leavesnonetheless triggered responses that 4 consciousness, researcherspreviously reported.But such an idea is untrue, according to a new opinion article. Plant biology is complex and fascinating, but it 5 so greatly from that of animals thatso-called 6 of plants' intelligence is inconclusive, the authors wrote.Beginning in 2006, some scientists have 7 that plants possessneuron-like cells that interact with hormones and neurotransmitters,8 〃a plant nervous system,9 to that in animals/7 said lead study author LincolnTaizz "They 10 claimed that plants have 'brain-like command centers7 at their root tips.”【解析】语境题。
根据后半句which is more than "a mass of cells that communicate by electricity（动物大脑不只是“通过电进行交流的大量细胞〃）可知，动物 大脑更复杂，动物大脑和植物智力间更多的是相异，所以，前半句的相似（similar）是并不充 分的C项superficially（外表上地）代入后符合原文语义所以，此题答案为C项干扰项:A项temporarily（临时地），B项literally（真正地，确实地），D项imaginarily（虚 构地），均不符合原文语义15 .【答案】[B] level【解析】语境题根据本句 For consciousness to evolve, a brain with a threshold 15 of complexity and capacity is required（意识想要进化，需要一个具有起始15的复 杂性和容量的大脑）并结合threshold（起始的）语义可知，本句对complexity and capacity（复杂性和容量）的要求（required）是一种程度上的要求B项level（水平）代入后符 合原文语义。
所以，此题答案为B项干扰项：A项list（清单），C项label（标签），D项load（负荷），均不符合原文语义16 .【答案】[D] added【解析】语境题本句是引语，出自he, he指代上段末句Taiz,观察发现：上段末 句也是出自Taiz的引语比拟上段末句a complex animal brain, which is more than 〃a mass of cells that communicate by electricity（动物大脑不只是〃通过电进行交流的大量 细月包”）和本句 For consciousness to evolve, a brain with a threshold 15 of complexity and capacity is required（为了使意识进化，需要一个具有起始15的复杂性和容量的大脑） 语义，可知，后者在对前者作进一步阐述D项added（补充说，继续说）代入后最符合原文 语义所以，此题答案为D项干扰项：A项recalled（记起，回忆起），B项agreed（表示〃同意,赞同〃，用于与别 人观点相同时），C项questioned（怀疑），均不符合原文语义。
17 .【答案】网chances【解析】逻辑关系题Since（由于）提示因果关系：plants donz t have nervous systems（植物没有神经系统）为因，the 17 that they have consciousness are effectively zero（它们所拥有意识的17实际上为零）为果由因推果可知，缺乏神经系统，意识也不会 存在A项chances（机会，可能性）代入后符合原文语义和逻辑关系所以，此题答案为A 项干扰项:B项risks（风险），C项excuses（借口），D项assumptions（假定，假设）均不 符合原文语义和逻辑关系18 .【答案】[A] danger【解析】逻辑关系题so（所以）提示句内因果关系：so前为因，s根据run away from晌避）可知，空白处语义为负面倾向借助果，即so后的threat（威胁）可知， 空白处语义与〃威胁〃语义相近A项danger（危险）代入后符合原文语义和逻辑关系所 以，此题答案为A项干扰项：B项failure（失败），C项warning（警告）,D项control控制）均不符合原文 语义和逻辑关系。
19 .【答案】[D] recognizes【解析】逻辑关系题and提示顺承关系，属于语义一致：19 a threat（ 19 一种威 咖与can feel pain（可感知疼痛）二者结构相似，语义相近D项recognizes（识别）代入后 符合原文语义和逻辑关系所以，此题答案为D项干扰项：A项represents（代表，意味着），B项includes（包括），C项reveals（揭示, 显示），均不符合原文语义和逻辑关系20 .【答案】[B] poor【解析】逻辑关系题so提示因果关系：Plants can' t run away…（植物不能逃离……） 为因，investing energy in a body system which 19 a threat and can feel pain would be a very 20 evolutionary strategy（把能量投入至ij一个19威胁并能感知疼痛的身体系统 将是一种非常20的进化策略）为果由此推知，因为（即使植物能感知到疼痛也）不能逃掉， 所以把能量投入到一个能……威胁和感知疼痛的身体系统上，是一种非常20的进化策略, 即本句意在指出：既然不能跑，那么就无须进化到可以感受疼痛。
所以，空白处的语义应为 负面的，能表达出进化到能……威胁和感知疼痛是种不够好的策略B项poor■（不好的，次 的，差的）代入后符合原文语义所以，此题答案为B项干扰项：A项humble（不大的，没有特别之处的），C项practical（有用的，适用的）和 D项easy（容易的，轻易的）均不符合原文语义Section II Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts. Answer the questions after each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (40 points)Text 1People often complain that plastics are too durable. Water bottles, shopping bags, and other trash litter the planet, from Mount Everest to the Mariana Trench, because plastics are everywhere and don' t break down easily. But some plastic materials change over time. They crack and frizzle. They "weep" out additives. They melt into sludge. All of which creates huge headaches for institutions, such as museums, trying to preserve culturally important objects. The variety of plastic objects at risk is dizzying: early radios, avant-garde sculptures, celluloid animation stills from Disney films, the first artificial heart.Certain artifacts are especially vulnerable because some pioneers in plastic art didn' t always know how to mix ingredients properly, says Thea van Oosten, a polymer chemist who, until retiring a few years ago, worked for decades at the Cultural Heritage Agency of the Netherlands. "It' s like baking a cake: If you don' t have exact amounts, it goes wrong,“ she says. "The object you make is already a time bomb.”And sometimes, it7 s not the artist s fault. In the 1960s, the Italian artist Piero Gilardi began to create hundreds of bright, colorful foam pieces. Those pieces included small beds of roses and other items as well as a few dozen "nature carpets” —large rectangles decorated with foam pumpkins, cabbages, and watermelons. He wanted viewers to walk around on the ca。