中间段落的写作技法中间段落的写作技法 n分主题句的写法分主题句的写法n主旨 (thesis statement)： 全文中心思想的总结n主题句 （topic sentence）：段落中心思想的概括n主题句（Topic sentence）可以出现在段落的任何位置，甚至可以隐于其间但是对以TEM-4考试，由于时间、篇幅有限，，为使阅卷教师在第一时间把握为使阅卷教师在第一时间把握主题，我们建议大家在文章最显眼的位置，以明确主题，我们建议大家在文章最显眼的位置，以明确的方式提出文章的主题的方式提出文章的主题 n根据TEM-4 作文指令对内容安排的要求，全文的主旨在开场白提出，因此第二部分因此第二部分（第二段或第三段）的主题句针对主旨而（第二段或第三段）的主题句针对主旨而言是分主题言是分主题如果第二部分只说明一个理由，则段落只有一个分主题句；如果两个理由都在第二部分出现，那么其实我们要写两个分主题句文章的发展模式如下： n分主题句写作妙招分主题句写作妙招1：分主题的结构：分主题：分主题的结构：分主题= 论题论题+具体观点（主旨的某一具体体现）具体观点（主旨的某一具体体现）n（2006）论题“网上交友是否明智”发表自己见解nMaking friends online might result in lacking communications with friends in real life.nMaking friends online may help us enlarge our circle of friends considerably.n（1996）论题 “A major advantage/disadvantage of advertising on television”nThe major advantage of TV advertising lies in its efficiency in message conveyance.nThe major disadvantage of TV advertising lies in its negative influence on young children. Practicen(2003) The importance of keeping a good moodn________________________________________________________________________nKeeping a good mood is conducive/helpful to one’s physical and mental healthnKeeping a good mood helps to start a positive recycle around you, which may free you from the pressure. n分主题句写作妙招分主题句写作妙招2: 分主题要足够具体分主题要足够具体n案例分析：n1. Making friends online is helpful.n2. The first reason is that we need to keep a good mood.n1.Making friends online is helpful in broadening our friends circlen2.First, we need to keep a good mood to build harmonious interpersonal relationship./ we need to keep a good mood, first, to keep us healthy physically and mentally. n原句：n3. The cell phone is very important to our life.n4. Women’s role is more difficult to play than that of men.n3. Cellphone is a very important way of communication./ Cellphone is a new way of getting information.n4. Compared with men, women have to experience more serious dilemma between tiresome housework and competitive job. n分主题句写作妙招分主题句写作妙招3: 分主题要足够概括分主题要足够概括n病例：n1. My statement of the importance of keeping a good mood is based on the following reasons. First, I know everyone has such an experience that when you are upset or gloomy, you are unwilling to do anything. You become low-spirited in study or work. （所需命题形式出现的具体理由，并非以具体现象形式出现的论证过程）n2. First, a 100-year-old man was reported to do physical exercises every day. He said that it is sports that make him stay healthy. （first后面仅是一论据，不足以概括论点） n分主题句写作妙招分主题句写作妙招4:分主题表达要充分自信、坚定分主题表达要充分自信、坚定n直截了当表明观点，不用刻意强调这是直截了当表明观点，不用刻意强调这是“我自己的观点我自己的观点”，显得更加客观、自信。
显得更加客观、自信 尽量避免使用尽量避免使用 “I think”、、 “I believe” 等表达n试比较：nIn this paragraph I will talk about why people go to college.nPeople have many complex reasons for going to collegenIn my opinion, everyone should exercise.nEveryone should exercise to reduce stress, maintain a healthy weight, and feel better overall.nI think student fees are much too highnStudent fees need to be explained and justified. n分主题句写作妙招分主题句写作妙招5: 分主题表达形式要规分主题表达形式要规范范(无句子片段等无句子片段等)n句子要完整，句子要完整， 最好陈述句最好陈述句nWhy should we keep a good mood under whatever circumstances? First, to be calm enough to make decisions.n改为改为：： The reason for us to keep a good mood under whatever circumstance is that it can help us calm down to make a sensible decision. n反义疑问句反义疑问句,双重否定句能表达强烈的感情但双重否定句能表达强烈的感情但往往带有强烈的主观情感。
最客观的最有说服往往带有强烈的主观情感最客观的最有说服力，我们建议大家用陈述句来表达分主题力，我们建议大家用陈述句来表达分主题nWhy shouldn’t we keep healthy by doing regular exercise? nNo one doubts the importance of a good mood in keeping a good relationship with others.n可改为：可改为：nWe should keep healthy by doing regular exercise.nA good mood is very important in keeping a good relationship with others. 练一练练一练n判断下列各句是否可以做分主题句判断下列各句是否可以做分主题句nBecause of the various advantages of cellphones, they are now widely used through the world.nIt is true that the dinning condition here is poor. Generally speaking, there are two main problems.nLast Sunday, I went to my sister’s wedding party.nComputer games are harmful to youngsters physically and mentallynExtracurricular activities can develop students’ sense of cooperation. nFor referencenBecause of the various advantages of cellphones, they are now widely used through the world.n关键词，advantage or wide use?nCellphones are now widely used through the world, because of their various functions. (末尾中心句，亦利于承接下文)nIt is true that the dinning condition here is poor. Generally speaking, there are two main problems.npoor dining condition; two main problems;二合一，更紧凑概括,可合为：nThe dining condition here is poor in the following two aspects. nLast Sunday, I went to my sister’s wedding party.n何为主题句？n充分概括段落主要内容，对所发生的事情或所描述的事情有一个总体的评级n原句有时间、人物、地点的描述；叙事开场白；细节陈述；不符合主题句特征；可改为：nMy sister’s wedding is quite traditional. nComputer games are harmful to youngsters physically and mentallynExtracurricular activities can develop students’ sense of cooperation.n主题鲜明，概括具体 主题拓展方法主题拓展方法 n确定了主题句也就确定了段落发展方向。
主题句的常确定了主题句也就确定了段落发展方向主题句的常用拓展方法有：用拓展方法有：举例、列举、对比比较和因果论证法用什么取决于考试指令n例如： 1995年命题作文指令中 n1. 对比比较法对比比较法n（1996）The main difference between my college life and my middle school life. 指令…nFirst Para. Among various differences, I enjoy the “freedom” of college life most.nSecond Para. Firstly, I can enjoy the freedom to make decisions…. nIn the college I am free to discuss various problems with my teachers. No one scolds me when I argue against his or her opinions. nHowever, in the middle school, I had no freedom to decide what to do….nIn the middle school, I did not dare to argue with my teachers….n Third Para. Therefore, by comparison, I love the freedom of college life.n逐项、分项对比： A1、B1；A2、B2模式，或者A1、A2；B1、B2模式。
n2. 举例法举例法n事例典型性；事例要具有和主题的连贯性事例典型性；事例要具有和主题的连贯性 ；事例繁简得当；事例繁简得当n（（2003））the importance of keeping a good mood nMy view that keeping a good mood is important lies in two important reasons. The first reason is keeping a good mood can keep people in high spirit in difficulties. Let’s take Sang Lan for example to show the importance of keeping a good mood. Although she is a disabled person, nothing can stop her completing university career and being a successful person in trouble.n缺乏必要点题缺乏必要点题 n修改：nMy view that keeping a good mood is important lies in two important reasons. The first reason is keeping a good mood can keep people in high spirit in difficulties. Let’s take Sang Lan for example to show the importance of keeping a good mood. Although she is a disabled person, nothing can stop her completing university career and being a successful person in trouble. One important reason is that she treats life as a journey of happiness and with such a good mood she has the courage to overcome difficulties and makes great progress in her life. nFirst, with a good mood, we have courage to meet difficulties in our life. A good mood means a good attitude towards our life. Helen Keller, a very famous writer, as we know, was blind. She couldn’t see anything even herself, but she took into a wonderful world full of light, beauty, and hope. The reason is that she had a very good attitude towards life. She believes that life will be smiling to her if she works hard enough. With such a good mood, she overcame the disability, and struggled to be a successful writer, teacher and lecturer. （事例繁简得当） n3．定义法．定义法nPeople should never ignore the effect a good mood has on them. Keeping a good mood means a positive attitude towards life. And it is said that “attitude decide everything”. With a good mood, it is possible for people to deal with difficulties optimistically, not grumbling against heaven and laying the blame upon other people. n论题转化成了“积极的生活态度是重要的”，显然转化后的话题要容易说明的多，思路也要开阔得多。
n4．． 正反结合论证正反结合论证n正面论证＋采用假设 “不满足某个要求”，“不按某个原则行事”就会有什么样结果的反面论证；字数和说服力双赢nThe importance of keeping a good mood.nThere are two reasons to support my point of view. The first reason is that keeping a good mood can help us stay healthy. …... The other reason why we should keep a good mood is that with it we get on better with others……＋it is written in a Chinese traditional medical book that various negative moods and behaviors will have a bad influence on various parts of your body. 。