高考中的省略在英语中，有时为了避免 结构上或内容上的重复，并使上下文紧密连接；有时因为语法的客观要求，句子中的一个或几个成分不需要表达出来，这种现象称为省略英语中的省略要求不破坏语法结构，要保持句子意义的准确无误省略有词法上的省略，也有句法上的省略，还有一种替代省略省略部分的成分和含义可从上下文或具体语言环境中找到而且是有章可循的，英语的省略大致有以下几种情况： (英语中省略现象较为普遍，对省略的考查已成为高考中的热点句子成分的省略，可分为以下几种情况： 1.省略主语，主谓语或主谓的一部分 2.不定式符号to的省略 3.不定式结构中动词的省略 4.状语从句中的省略 5.定语从句中关系词的省略 6.虚拟语气中if和should的省略7.考查not,so,neither,nor的“替代性”省略)一、简单句中的省略1．省略主语1）祈使句中的主语通常被省略如：(You) Open the door ，please.2)其它省略主语多限于现成的说法 如： ① (I) Thank you for your help 谢谢你的帮助 ② (It)Doesn’t matter.没关系。
2．省略主谓语或主谓语的一部分1）如：①(There is) No smoking .禁止抽烟 ② (Is there)anything else ? 还有其它事吗？③ (You come)This way please.请这边走 ④ (Will you) Have a smoke？抽烟吗？2）感叹句中常省略主语和谓语，如： What a hot day ! How wonderful!3．省略宾语如：—Do you know Mr. Li ? — I don’t know (him.)4．省略表语 如：Are you thirsty ? Yes ， I am (thirsty)5．同时省略几个成分 如：—Are you feeling better now? 你觉得好些了吗 ？—(I am feeling ) Much better (now) 好多了I wish) Good luck (to you) .祝你好运/祝你顺利1). ---What do you think made Mary so upset? C ---________her new bicycle. A. As she lost B. Lost C. Losing D. Because of losing2). One of the sides of the board should be painted yellow, and________. CA. the other is white B. another whiteC. the other white D. another is white3). --- Would you like some wine?C --- Yes, just ________. A. little B. very little C. a little D. a few二、 并列句中的省略 （在后一并列分句中凡是与上文相同的成分，通常都要省略） 1） 如果主语不同，而谓语动词中的一部分相同，则省略谓语动词中相同的部分，如：John must have been playing basketball and Mary doing her homework. 2） 主语相同，谓语动词也相同，则二者都可以省略，如： His advice made John happy, but Mary angry. 3） 主语相同，而谓语不同，则可以省略主语，如： He gave up drinking for several days, but soon returned to his old ways. 4）在并列复合句中，如果that从句从属于第二个并列句且它的谓语动词和宾语等其它一些成分与第一个并列句相同， that从句通常可以省略这些相同的部分，如：Jack will danceat the party, but I know Tom won't . 三、复合句中的省略 I） 名词性从句中的省略 （1）作宾语的what从句中的谓语动词与主句的相同，则what从句可以省略谓语，甚至主语，如：Someone has used my bike, but I don't know who . He has gone, but no one knows where. （2）引导宾语从句的连词that在口语中常常省略,或并列的宾语从句中的第一个连词that也能省略，如: He said he had arrived here two days before and that he had lived in a hotel. （3）在以know,remember,forget邓动词结尾的简答句后的子句常可省略。
Who won the tennis game last night?I don’t know(who won the tennis game last night). （3）在某些表虚拟语气的主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句中，从句谓语动词中的助动词should可以省略这些句子一般包含如下动词一及其派生词：一个坚持(insist)，二个命令(order, command)，三建议(suggest, propose, advise )，四要求(demand, require, request, ask) ，如：It's important that we speak to the old politely. Jane's pale face suggested that she was ill and her parents suggested that she have a medical examination. (4) It is necessary(important, impossible, strange, natural, a pity, no wonder) that...主语从句中，如: It is necessary that the problem be solved at once. (5)有时也可以根据说话的情景来省略主句中的一些成分，如： Sorry I've kept you waiting so long. II）定语从句中的省略 在限制性定语从句中，作宾语的关系代词that, which, who (whom)常可以省略，如： The man I saw is called Tom. Where is the pen I bought this morning? III）状语从句中的省略 1.当状语从句中的主语和主句的主语一致，或状语从句中的主语是it，并且又含有be动词时，常可以省略从句中的主语和be动词，如：He did as told. Though tired, they went on working. You shouldn't come to his party unless invited. He paused as if expecting her to speak. 1).________in thought, he almost ran into the car in frontof him.(NMET96) A.Losing B.Having lost C.Lost D.To lose 本题应选C。
Lost in thought 为As he was lost in thought之省略 2).________more attention, the trees could have grownbetter.(MET90) A.Given B.To give C.Giving D.Having given 本题应选AGiven more attention为If they were given moreattention之省略 高考回顾1）. The flowers his friend gave him will die unless ________ every day.(07四川) A. watered B. watering B. water D. to water答案:A解析:在unless 后省略了it is2）. He dressed up and went to the party as if_____. (07.山东诊断二)A. was invited B. had been invited C. invited D. to be invited答案：C解析：as if 后省略了he was。
3）.______broken, the glass can not hold water. (06石家庄质检)A Once B. After C. On D. Though解析 meant to 后省略了have thanked her before I left4）. The man we followed suddenly stopped and looked as if _____whether he was going in the right direction. (03 安徽春) A. seeing B. having seen C. to have seen D. to see答案：D as if he was going to see whether2.虚拟条件句中,把should,had,were提前,则需省略if，如: Should it rain tomorrow ,we would have to put off the visit till next week.3.在as(so)... as..., than引导的比较状语从句中，常在as或than引导的分句中省略某些与主句相同的成分或省略在特定上 下文或特定情景中某些不言而喻的成分；或整个as/than从句。
如： 1）.The pianos in the other shop will be______, but_____.(MET90) A.cheaper;not as better B.more cheap; not as better C.cheaper; not as good D.more cheap; not as good 本题应选C分别为cheaper than those in this shop 和theyare not as good as those in this s hop的省略 2）.Jo。