2022考研英语新题型之7选5快速突破(1)该节分为两个局部： 主干局部和选项局部 主干局部的原文为500～600词， 其中有5段空白——空白处的位置可能在段首、段中、段末， 但不会是文章的第一句， 一般状况下也不会是最终一句选项局部为6～7段文字， 每段可能是一个句子， 可能是两三个短句， 也有可能是完整的段落其中有5段文字分属于主干局部的空白处要求考生依据自己对文章的理解，从7个选项中选择出这5段文字放回文中相应的空白处 考生需要搞清晰主干内容和构造上的关系和布局， 从而辨别出选项局部从构造和内容上看是属于文章的哪个局部， 并可以与空白处的上下文有机地连接起来一般状况下不会有特殊明显的词汇、句子等语言方面的提示， 也并不要求考生过分关注某一详细的细节； 而是要着眼于全文， 在理解全文内容、文章构造、规律关系（如并列关系、因果关系、附属关系等）的根底之上，做出正确选择您现在阅读的文章来自“英语考试学习网”，请记住我们的永久域名：.english- 】 二、 7选5题常考题型 （一） 主旨题 主旨题是7选5题最常考题型之一， 突出表达在段首和段尾题上。
考察文章主旨在肯定程度上也是在考察考生的快速阅读力， 考察考生对文章的整体理解和把握 1. 主旨题题型举例 During this period the Eastern and mid Western areas of the United States were in the process of rapid industrialization. The population was rapidly increasing and many Americans found themselves living in large cities. The West, however, was still largely untouched and a frontier lifestyle persisted. There were few social institutions and the role of government was limited.（41）. [D] Westerns are often thought to be crude and simple as they paint a romanticized and unrealistic portrait of the American West of the time. [E] Because of the changes occurring in the more densely settled regions of the United States, the lifestyle of the West was of considerable fascination to both Americans and foreigners. 题解： 依据段落意思， 41题应为该段内容的总结性语句， 因此应中选择选项E。
2. 主旨题应试技巧 笔者建议考生在做主旨题题型时遵循这样的原则： 由于此类题干扰性， 难度也， 考生需读完全文才能精确把握文章主题， 所以考生拿到这种题时， 不要急于去找答案， 不管其消失在什么位置都把它作为最终一道题来做， 由于在做另外四道题时， 无疑有助于加深对整个文章的理解而且， 事实上， 首先做主旨题， 考生往往还会回过头来核查答案， 这样耗时间， 做题效率低 3. 主旨题干扰项的特征 (1) 以偏概全 以偏概全是主旨题干扰选项最常见的特点， 它是指主旨题的选项只涉及文章中的细节： ① 某个自然段中的细节， 如一句未绽开论述的话； ② 某自然段的大意包含局部信息的选项不能成为主旨题的答案包含自然段大意的选项干扰性很强， 做题时尤其应当留神 (2) 范围过宽 这是指选项包含的内容超出或多于文章阐述的内容，过于笼统 (3) 生疏概念 生疏概念是指从文章本身无法推断出来的信息， 即文章中未提到、找不到语言依据的信息 二） 规律关系题 1. 规律关系题题型举例 (43）There were also crablike creatures， whose bodies were covered with a horny substance. The body segments each had two pairs of legs， one pair for walking on the sandy bottom， the other for swimming. The head was a kind of shield with a pair of compound eyes， often with thousands of lenses. They were usually an inch or two long but some were 2 feet. [E] The earliest animals whose remains have been found were all very simple kinds and lived in the sea. Later forma are more complex， and among these are the sealilies， relations of the starfishes， which had long arms and were attached by a long stalk to the sea bed， or to rocks. [F] When an animal dies， the body， its bones， or shell， may often be carried away by streams into lakes or the sea and there get covered up by mud.If the animal lived in the sea its body would probably sink and be covered with mud.More and more mud would fall upon it until the bones or shell become embedded and preserved. 题解： 该题的解题关键是留意also所表达的并列关系， 所以该题选E。
2. 规律关系题之因果条件题 （1） 因果条件题题型举例 Vegetables and chicken cost more when they have been cut into pieces by someone other than the one who buys it. A family should expect to pay more when several “TV dinners” are taken home from the store. These are fully cooked meals， consisting of meat， vegetables， and sometimes desert， all arranged on a metal dish. The dish is put into the oven and heated while the housewife is doing something else. Such a convenience costs money. (44） [A] Thus， as economists point out： “Some of the basic reasons for widening food price spreads are easily traceable to the increasing use of convenience foods， which transfer much of the time and work of meal preparation from the kitchen to the food processor’s plant.” [B] They are among the “middlemen” who stand between the farmer and the people who buy and eat the food. Are middlemen the ones to blame for rising food prices? 题解： 因果条件题是规律关系题中最常消失的一种类型。
例如此题，依据段落意思， 可以推断44题是一道因果结论题， 所以选A （2） 表达因果关系的词汇连接手段 表示因果关系的名词： basis （依据）， result， consequence， reason； 表示因果关系的动词： result in （结果）， result from （由于， 由……）， follow from （……结果）， base...on... （以……为根底）， be due to （由于）； 表示因果关系的连词或介词： because， since， for， as， therefore， so， thus， why， with； 表示因果关系的副词： as a result， consequently 等 （3） 表达条件关系的词汇连接手段 ① 以when、if、as 等连词引导的条件从句； ② 文章中细节性的条件关系——通常由一些表示条件关系的词汇手段表达： 如 depend upon （取决于）， determine （打算）等 （三） 例证题 1. 例证题题型举例 As well， there are 2，000 transmitter towers around Australia， many in high density residential areas. (43） [E] For example， Telstra， Optus and Vodaphone build their towers where it is geographically suitable to them and disregard the need of the community. The electromagnetic radiation emitted from these towers may have already produced some harmful effects on the health of the residents nearby. [F] The conclusion is that mobile phones brings more harm than benefit. 题解： 依据tower。