河北师范大学 硕士学位论文 旅游网站访问量的Zipf分布形态及其空间距离指数衰减形式研 究 姓名：郭凤云 申请学位级别：硕士 专业：人文地理学 指导教师：路紫 20100320 III 摘 要 本文以旅游网站为研究对象，以旅游网站的访问量为切入点，通过 “Google”、 “百度”等多种网上查询系统和网站访问量统计工具，获得6个旅游网站的访问者空间 分布资料，进而采用了Zipf模型和指数衰减模型拟合方法，对旅游网站访问量的分布形 态及其空间距离指数衰减形式进行了探讨，研究发现：（1）旅游网站访问量的分布形 态符合Zipf分布法则，大量存在的是访问量较少的城市，而少量存在的是访问量较高的 城市，分布形态整体上呈现长尾特征且Zipf分布形态下的访问量分布具有内在规律 （2）旅游网站访问量的距离衰减形式较泛化，个别旅游网站访问量的空间距离衰减曲 线符合指数分布型， 属于明显衰减的形态； 个别旅游网站访问量距离衰减曲线和缓分散， 衰减形态不明显 （3）对网站访问量与距离的敏感程度进行探讨，认为衰减系数越高， 旅游网站访问量对距离的敏感性越强，拐角处衰减速度越快，曲线衰减形态越接近于直 角衰减； 衰减系数越高， 旅游网站信息的影响扩散范围越小。
（4） 网络空间下信息流(访 问量)的距离衰减形态与传统物质流、信息流（旅游流、交通流、电信流）相比具有差 异性，其中使用成本是影响传统物质流、信息流的主要因素之一 本文由五个部分组成： 第一部分为绪论首先介绍了本文的研究背景；然后对国内外相关文献进行了回顾 分析，主要对实体流距离衰减研究、网站信息流及距离衰减相关研究成果进行了回顾； 之后介绍了本文的研究方法；最后确立了本文的研究内容及框架 第二部分为研究资料的获取、处理及分析，是本文研究的重要基础部分此部分首 先介绍了研究对象的选取及旅游网站访问量等资料的获取途径； 其次是对研究资料的处 理，一方面通过 Excell 绘制距离衰减折线图,一方面应用 Mapinfor 绘制不同区域等级内 访问量的空间分布图；最后对研究资料进行了简略的分析，为下文的实证分析奠定了研 究基础 第三部分为旅游网站访问量分布形态的研究，是文章的主体之一此部分引入了 Zipf 定律，借鉴 Zipf 分布的位序-规模法则，对所选取的旅游网站的访问量分布形态进 行了研究，并利用分维值对旅游网站访问量分布形态的内在规律予以了归纳 第四部分为旅游网站访问量空间距离的指数衰减形式研究，也是文章的主体。
此部 分应用 origin 软件对 6 个旅游网站的访问量及其对应的地理距离进行指数衰减函数的拟 IV 合，并利用距离衰减系数与拟合优度指数两个参数对函数拟合结果进行了分析，使本文 旅游网站访问量与距离关系的研究更加具体化、定量化 第五部分为研究结论与讨论对本文的研究成果及待完善之处进行总结 关键词：访问量 距离衰减 Zipf 定律 指数衰减拟合 旅游网站 V Abstract This thesis takes the tourism website as the research object, the tourism website traffic as the focal point. With the "Google", "Baidu," and many other online inquiry systems and website traffic statistical tooles, we acquire six tourism website’s information on the spatial distribution of the visitors, then using Zipfs model and exponential decay model fitting method to discuss the spatial distribution patterns of tourism website traffic and its’ exponential decay form in spatial distance.The study shows that: (1) The distribution patterns of tourism website traffic consistent with Zipfs Rules. There is a lot less traffic cities, while a small amount of cities have higher traffic and the distribution pattern shows a kind of long-tailed characteristics. Moreover the distribution of the traffic under the Zipfs Law has some inherent regularities. (2) The distance decay form of the tourism website traffic is generalized, and individual tourism website traffics spatial distance decay curve is in line with exponential decay type, showing an apparent decay pattern; individual tourism website traffics spatial distance decay curve is moderated and dispersed and decay pattern is not obvious. (3) Through the discussion of the sensitivity extent between the tourism website traffic and the distance,we consider that the higher the distance decay parameter of tourism website traffic is, the stronger sensitive to the distance,the faster the decay rate around the corner, and the more closer to right angle decay form; and the higher the distance decay parameter of tourism website traffic, the smaller tourism website information’s impact on the scope. (4) The distance decay pattern of the Network information flow (website traffic) is different from the traditional material flow. thereinto, the using cost is the one main factor affecting the traditional material flow and information flow. This thesis is composed of five parts: The first part is the introduction.Firstly,it introduces the research background of the article.Secondly, it reviews and analyzes related literatures of domestic and foreign including three aspects, such as: the distance decay of the material flow, the website information flow and its’distance decay studies. Then introduces the research methods and finally establish the research content and frame. The second part is an important fundamental elements of this study, which composes of VI the research data acquisition, processing and analysis.This section introduces the seclection of the research object and the data accessibility of the tourism website; second is the data processing, on the one hand, using Excell to draw distance decay line chart, on the other hand, with the Mapinfor to draw the access number spatial distribution of different regions; Finally is a brief analysis of research data which lays a solid basis for the further study. The third part is a main body of the whole thesis.It is about the study of the distribution pattern of tourism website traffic. This section introduces the Zipfs law, and according the rank-size rule of Zipfs distribution, we conducts a study on the selected tourism website traffics distribution patterns, and thus analy the distribution form of tourism website traffic by the fractal value. The fourth part is also a main body of the whole thesis.It is about the study of the expone -ntial decay form of the tourism website traffic in distance This section use Origin software fitting six tourism website traffic and its’ corresponding geographic distance for exponential decay function, and use distance decay parameter and R2 those two parameters an。