时文阅读|新型传感器有助于预测火山爆发从前，人们在面对突如其来的自然灾害时，只能无奈地接受它们带来的苦难，被迫流离失所，甚至付出生命代价如今，监测系统的发展使得科学家能够监测灾害来临前的迹象，这无疑给人们留出了应对灾害的时间，从而大大减少伤亡、降低损失现在，让我们去了解一种可以预测火山爆发的新型装置吧阅读短文并回答问题Compared to other causes of natural disasters, volcanoes offer clues only whenthey are about to erupt. Now, however, developments in monitoring systems haveallowed scientists to develop sensors （传感器）to detect and consequently forecasteruptions, allowing authorities to plan for them with increasing precision.University of Cambridge volcanologist Marie Edmonds says that scientists arenow able to use very precise sensors that monitor the gases volcanoes emit, which cangive clues on the location of the magma （岩浆）. The sensors help with predictionbecause different gases are emitted at various stages of an eruption. When magmarises, pressure is released along with gases. Carbon dioxide is released early on andthen, as the magma goes higher, sulphur dioxide is released. The ratio （比例）of thetwo gases is used to detect the location of magma relative to the surface, tellingresearchers the imminence of the eruption.Edmonds is connected to an international group known as the Deep CarbonObservatory that has worked to put new gas sensors on fifteen of the most active anddangerous volcanoes to improve the forecasting of various types of eruptions. The gassensors continually measure water vapor, sulphur dioxide, and carbon dioxide. Theyare placed inside large boxes with surface antennae （触角）and buried underground.Advances in electronics have increased their precision and lowered their cost,allowing more of them to be used worldwide.Putting these sensors atop active volcanoes is dangerous. Scientists wearreflective suits that protect against heat, plus gas masks for protection from corrosivegases. They sometimes hike long distances in remote regions to reach a site. However,according to Edmonds, the work they do to save people’s lives makes a dangerous jobworth it. She enjoys doing something that helps people.Edmonds’ team has also attached sensors to drones to measure emissions from aPapua New Guinea volcano for a short time, a technique developed to gather“snapshots” of the activity. These snapshots help researchers to better understand thecomplexities of activities that lead to eruptions1. How do sensors detect and predict volcanic eruptions?A. By sending warnings to researchers.B. By measuring the heat underground.C. By tracking different gases released.D. By studying the surrounding emissions.2. What do we know about the gas sensors?A. They should be attached to the magma.B. They are available around the world.C. They can check various types of eruptions.D. They become more accurate and expensive.3. Why is it risky to place sensors atop active volcanoes?A. There is heat and dangerous gases.B. It’s hard to find the top of volcanoes.C. Scientists lack enough suits and masks.D. Active volcanoes may erupt at any time.4. What are the snapshots for?A. Predicting volcanic eruptions earlier.B. Attracting people’s attention to volcanoes.C. Avoiding the danger of the researchers’ work.D. Collecting more information for researchers.【参考答案】CBAD单词学习1. emit v. 发出；散发Sulphur gases were emitted by the volcano. 硫磺气体由火山喷发出来。
2. sulphur n. 硫磺Burning sulphur creates poisonous fumes. 燃烧的硫磺会产生有毒烟雾4. atop prep. 在……顶上 a flag high atop a pole 高挂在旗杆顶端的旗子5. corrosive adj. 腐蚀性的Sodium and sulphur are highly corrosive. 钠和硫有高度的腐蚀性6. drone n. 无人机7. snapshot n. 快照Let me take a snapshot of you guys. 让我给你们拍张快照长难句分析University of Cambridge volcanologist Marie Edmonds says that scientists are now able to usevery precise sensors that monitor the gases volcanoes emit, which can give clues on the location ofthe magma.【分析】句子主语为“Marie Edmonds”；“that scientists are now…location of the magma”为“says”的宾语从句，其中“scientists are able to use sensors”为宾语从句的主干；“that monitor the gasesvolcanoes emit”为定语从句，修饰先行词“instruments”；“volcanoes emit”为定语从句，修饰先行词“gases”；“which can give clues on the location of the magma”为非限定性定语从句，“which”代指前面整个句子。
翻译】剑桥大学的火山学家玛丽·埃德蒙兹说，他们现在能够用非常精确的仪器来监测火山释放的气体，从而提供岩浆的位置线索知识拓展1. University of Cambridge 剑桥大学，世界顶尖的公立研究型大学，坐落于英国剑桥剑桥大学是英语世界中第二古老的大学，其前身是一个于 1209 年成立的学者协会2. the Deep Carbon Observatory 深碳观测站，是一个全球研究项目，旨在转变人们对碳在地球发展中作用的认识3. Papua New Guinea 巴布亚新几内亚独立国(Independent State of Papua New Guinea)，简称巴布亚新几内亚，是南太平洋西部的一个岛国，大洋洲第二大国，也是英联邦成员国。