感叹句一、知识结构-What+a/an+名词单数形式+ （ 主语+ 谓 语 ）！what弓 | 导的感叹句 一 一What+名词复数形式+ （主语+ 谓语）！1- What+不可数名词+ （ 主语+ 谓语）！感叹句-How+形容词描! | 词+ 主语+ 渭 语 ！h0W引 导 的 感 叹 句 - - How+形容词+a/an+可数名词单数形式+ 主语+ 谓 语 ！一 How+主语!二、知识点及考点分析1 .定义：感叹句是用来表达人的特殊情感的句子，可以表达人的喜、怒、哀、乐等强烈情感感叹句可以是一个单词、一个短语，也可以是由what或how引导的句子，句末常用“ ！2 . 感叹句句子结构分类：w hat引导的感叹句①What+a/an+名词单数形式+ （ 主语+ 谓语）！What a / a n常用来修饰单数可数名词,若其前面的形容词为元音开头，则用an;若其前面的形容词为辅音开头，则用a如： What an interesting story it is） !What a lovely boy he is） !②What+名词复数形式+ （ 主语+ 谓语）！如：What kind women they are!③What+不可数名词+ （ 主语+ 谓语）！如：What nice music it is!补充：①w hat引导的感叹句主语和谓语通常可以省略;②W hat常用来修饰复数可数名词和不可数名词。
但有些不可数名词，如rain,surprise, breakfast, lunch等，当前面有形容词修饰，使抽象名词具体化时,则要用 What a/aiio如：What a heavy rain it is） !③★★★what引导的感叹句常与fun有关的句型放在一起考, 属于感叹句易错点：it's great fun to do sth.做某事真的很有趣（ 这里的fun是不可数名词，表示有趣的事）改为感叹句：What great fun it is to do sth.!如： What great fun it is to play with dogs!have fun doing s t h .做某事很开心改为感叹句：What great fun we have playing with dogs!tips:陈述句转化为感叹句只改变语序再加上对应的感叹句,力导词what/how， 并不改变句子中原有的语法/ 句型功能由此点我们可以很好区分两个带fun的感叹句用法 how引导的感叹句①How+形容词/ 副词+ 主语+ 谓语！如： How hard the worker are working!注意：当how 修饰动词时， 动词不跟着感叹词提到主语之前。
如： How the runner runs!what与how引导的感叹句，一般情况下可以相互转换, 转换后意义不变如： What a clever girl she is!=How clever the girl is!②How+形容词+a/an+可数名词单数形式+ 主语+ 谓语！如： How interesting a book it is!③How+主语+ 谓语！如： How time flies!关于感叹句引导词how和 what的选择第一步：找出句子主语和谓语第二步：划掉主语和谓语剩下为名词或名词词组। ， what第三步：分析剩下的句子成分一剩下为形容词或副词 ） how例子： difficult homework we had yesterday!③ ①②①找出主语谓语we had②划掉主语谓语we had③剩余成分为名词词组difficult homework,故选择what； 且 homework为不可数名词，所以这个句子写为 What difficult homework we had yesterday!what+a+adj.+可数名词单数+ 住语+ 谓语） !/一感叹句what+adj.+不可数名词+ 住 语 + 谓语） ！what+adj.+可数名词复数+ 住语+ 谓语） !How+adj./adv.+住 语 + 谓语） ！1 . 区分wha阚how :看主语前的一个词， 名词用what, 形容词副词用how2 . 区分whatl口what a/an:看主语前的~ 今词， 可数名词单数用a/an：不可数名词或复数不加S®a/an・' ' 3 .常考的不可数名词有：weather, fun, work, information, news, music4 .当名词为rain, fire, noise, surprise等名词时， 如果前面加上形容词就可以具象化， 等要加:如：What a loud noise. What a heavy rain.5 . ii^W hat a useful weather report!6 . 填中SSSSMfiE陈述句：What great fun I have doing ; What fun it isto do; How lucky I am to do. 真题演练、选择填空1. Look! ________ beautiful that take is!।A. What aB. WhatC. What anD. How2. 一 Hi, Mary,________ beautiful day!- Yes, it is.A. HowB. What aC. WhatD. How a3.______ _ new radio it is!A. HowB. How aC. What aD. What4 .______ _ nice computers!A. What aB. WhatC. How aD. How5 .________ day we're having today!A. What fine a B. How fineC. What a fineD. What a6 .________ nice girl Kate is!A. HowB. WhatC. What anD. What a7. --- Hi, Mary,________ beautiful day!- Yes, it is.A. HowB. What aC. WhatD. How a8.________ time we're having today!A. What a good B. How goodC. What good aD. What good9.________ surprising news it is!A. HowB. How aC. WhatD. What a10.______— nice cars!A. What aB. WhatC. How aD. How二、完成下列感叹句1. _______ lovely the snow looks!2. _______ a clever boy Jim is!3. ______ _ worried they looked!4.hard the workers are workin。
！5. ______ _ long hair she has!一、1.D 2. B 3. C 4. B 5. C 6. D 7. B 8. A 9. C 10, B二、1. HowWhat2. What3. How4. How5. 一、知识结构祈使句肯 定 形 式 一 动 词 原 形 + 其 他 成 分-don't/never+^］原形+ 其他成分否 定 形 式 一1— let's not+动词原形+ 其他成分二' 知识点及考点分析1 .定义：表示命令、请求、建议或劝告的句子其主语you常省略，谓语动词用动词原形,句末用感叹号或句号，读降调2 . 祈使句分类：①肯定的祈使句：( 1) 动词原形+ 其他 如：Stand up, please.(2) Be+ n./adj. 如：Be a good boy!(3) Let's + 宾语 + 动词原形 + 其它成分 如 : Let's go to school together.②否定的祈使句(1) Don't+动词原形如：Don't stand up.(2) Let型的否定式有两种：uDon't+let+宾 语 +动词原形+其它成分”"Let + 宾 语 + not+动词原形+其它成分” 。
如：Let them not play with fire.Don't let them not play with fire.(3) N 开头, 用来表示禁止性的祈使句如：No smoking!③祈使句的回答1 . 祈使句的动作通常是表示将来发生的动作， 回答祈使句时， 一般用will/won'to2 . 在回答具有否定意义的祈使句时，要注意两点：( 1) 形式一致即Yes与 will保持一致；no与 will not/won't保持一致)( 2 ) 意思相反即Y es是 “ 不” 的意思；No是 “ 是" 的意思) 3. 在回答时，要注意分析上下文语境中所提供的条件动词原形开头：Look out!1.如果后面有并列句， 并列句要用将来时:Turn on the light, or you can't see clearly.2. 祈使句的回答要用将来时：— Follow me, please. — OK/Yes, I will.— Don't play with fire. — OK/No, I won't.［ 祈 使 句 ］,..„ Be动^ 开头:Be quiet!肯 定 形 式l >---------------------------------------LetfF5t: Let's go swimming.Don't look out of the window!3.反义疑问句， 除了Let's用shall we , 其他T用will you :Open the door, will you?Don't open the door, will you?Let us go and play basketball, will you?Let's go and play basketball, shall we?卜考点汇总否 定 形 式 上Don't be late!Don't let him go. 真题演练一、选择题1 . —— Don't leave the classroom with the light on.A.Yes, I won*t B.No, I won't C.Yes, I will D.No, I don't2 .My friend, L u c y , a f r a i d of snakes. She keeps a snakes a pet at home.A.don't be B.doesn't be C.isn't D.be not3 . —— Don't forget to ask the police for help when you are in trouble.A.Yes, I won't. B.No problem. C.OK, I won't D.OK, I will4 . —— Don't leave the classroom with the light on.A. Yes, I won't B. No, I won'tC. Yes, I will D. No, I don't5 . —— Don't make so much noise, Jack. Your grandpa is sleeping now.A.Yes, I won't B.No, I will.C.Yes, I will. D.Sorry, I won*t二、填空题1 . Ki t t y, not be) afraid of snakes. Not all of them are dangerous.2. Mi ke, not be) afraid. I will always be with you.3. —— M a r t i n ,n o t be) late for the visit to the museum tomorrow morning.—— OK.4. Get up early, and you not be) late.5. Tom, not be) afraid. Til be with you all the time.6. Mi ke , not be) afraid. I will always be with you.7.share) your sadness with your friends, and you will feel better.1 .don't be2 .donft be3 .don't be4 .wonft be5 .don't be6 .don*t be7.share 一、知识结构取醐反义疑问句触0 b嘴 / 削not)+ 推 ?、一 睇 而you傕 嗣ef$开 头 轴a lM。
法:1则坏鼾14$- ha唧溟嘲附不)no sonner never seldom little few barely标的甑照西9尉 她任少胡脑的林就咖o肺g nobody no one奴瓢朗靛期 句 -£曲M/o伽侧fo翻II传破者岫弱噩骗就子的响的反谡防"^ ^ ^ 3 耻 Jo h n isn't a diligent studentforitis the third tim e he has been latejsn'tit?I /W ethink/except/suppose/im agine/guess/believe+(that)+^ 9ft': Y ou've never told m e w hy you didn't com e to m y birthday partyhave yo u ?二、知识点及考点分析1 . 定义：反意疑问句是提出情况或看法，问对方是否同意的句子一般由陈述部分和反意疑问部分构成2 . 改写原则：前肯后否，前否后肯①You can do it, can'l you?②They are not very late for the meeting, are they?3 . 具体考点：反意疑问部分主语及谓语的确定反意疑问部分主语与谓语，应根据陈述部分的主语和谓语进行选择，但是需要注意一些特殊的情况。
而且，反意疑问部分的主语一般要用人称代词( 一般不会用人名等) ，而动词若为否定形式则通常用缩写表达，且动词的形式及时态等必须保持一致①He has supper at home every week, doesn't h e ?不能用 hasn't he?)②They have known the matter, haven't th e y ?不能用 don't they?)③They will go to school soon, won't they?不能用 don't they?或 aren't they?)④He works very hard, doesn't he?不能用 didn't he?或 won't he?) 情况分类：①陈述部分带有 little, few, never, hardly, seldom, nothing, nobody, none 等否定意义的词时 , 问句部分用肯定式如：He never tells lies, does he?不用 doesn't he?)注意：当陈述部分谓语动词是含有u * im-, i * dis-等表否定意义的前缀的词时,陈述部分要视为肯定含义，反意疑问部分还是要用否定形式。
如：He dislikes playing football,doesn't he?②陈述部分是there b e结构时，用be there即可.如： There is going to be a sports meeting next Wednesday, isn't there?③当陈述部分的主语为指物的不定代词nothing, everything, something, anything等时，反义疑问主语部分用it进行指代如：Something is wrong with my phone,isn't it?④当陈述部分的主语为指人的不定代词nobody, everybody, somebody, anybody等时，反义疑问主语部分可用he或they指代，但是不能用it进行指代如：Somebody wants to play with you,doesn't he/they?⑤当陈述部分的主语为指示代词this/that时，反意疑问部分的主语应用单数形式it；若主语为指示代词these/those时，反意疑问部分的主语应用复数形式they如： This is necessary, isn't it?These are your classmates Tommy and Jackie, aren't they?⑥当陈述部分的动词是has/had/have时，我们需要进行判断具体含义及用法后才能确定反义疑问日怎么改写：has/had/have表 示 “ 有”时，反义疑问部分可以用has/had/have或者does/did/do；如： He has a new watch,hasn't he/doesn't he?has/had/have to表示半情态动词“ 不得不” 时, 反义疑问部分应用does/did/do；如： He has to finish homework,doesn 9t he?has/had/have to表示实义动词“ 吃, 喝， 玩等” 时， 反义疑问部分应用does/did/do；如： They have a nice dinner,don 9t they?had better表 示 “ 最好”时 ， 反义疑问部分用had；如：They had better stop laughing,hadn't they?has/had/have在现在完成时中，反义疑问部分应用has/had/have如： He has been to Shanghai,hasn't he?★ ★★拓展：l/s是is还是has的辨析:has只有表示现在完成时的助动词时， 才可以缩写为固所以，我们可以得出：’s后面如果不是过去分词，那么一定是i s ,而不是has。
如果、后面是过去分词， 我们还要区分主被动， 如果是表达主动意， 那么1是has的缩写，如果表达的是被动意，那么仍然是is的缩写eg. He's already back to China, isn*t he?He*s already been back to China, hasn't he?He*s always made to do a lot of housework, isn't he?2.have/has是助动词还是行为动词：如果have/has表示的是助动词，那么后面要有过去分词；如果后面没有过去分词，那么have/has就是行为动词 eg. He has gone to Hainan, hasn*t he?He has a lot of things to do, doesn't he?⑦ 当陈述部分含有need时，如果need作实义动词,则反意疑问部分应用does/did/do,如果need作情态动词,则反意疑问部分应用need如：We need to have a rest,don't we?We need have a rest,needn't we?⑧当陈述部分出现I am 时，反意疑问部分应用aren't I 。
如：I am right,aren't I?⑨反义疑问句与祈使句结合：1） 肯定祈使句的反意疑问句反问部分用will you或 won't you;2） 否定祈使句的反意疑问句反问部分只用will you;3） 以let's开头的祈使句反意疑问句反问部分用shall we;〈 特别注意, 只有以let*开头的祈使句的反意疑问句的反问部分才用shall we,而 let u s 开头的祈使句的反意疑问句的反问部分应为will you或 won't you如：Don't be late again, will you?Let's turn on the TV, shall we?Please open the door, will/ won't you?Let us have a try,will you?⑩当陈述部分含有情态动词must时，有下列两种情况：情态动词must表示" 必须” 时，疑问部分用mustn't如：I must answer the question, mustn't I?但若表推测这层含义时， 不能用must,而要根据陈述部分的不定式结构（ 即must之后的动词）以及含义采用相应的动词形式。
如：They must have watched the movie last week, didn't they?He must be in the library, isn't he?⑭^ 述部分用used to + 主语时，问句部分用didn't/usedn't+主语形式如：She used to live in this countryside, didn't she?/usedn,t she?侬陈述部分为主从复合句，且反意疑问句的陈述部分为非第一人称主语+thinkbelieve, suppose, consider,said,told, reported, asked） + that 从句时， 问句部分的动词和主语与陈述部分的主句动词和主语保持一致如：They all think that English is very important, don't they?不用 isn't it?）注意： 若主句的主语是第一人称I/we,其谓语动词又是think/suppose/believe等时，反意疑问部分的主语和谓语一般应与从句一致 （ 特别要注意否定转移）如： I don't think they are good parents,are they?4. 反义疑问句回答原则：①去掉句子中否定词②将句子变为一般疑问句③根据实际情况作答，肯定回答用yes,否定回答用no,特别注意前后形式需一致 如：Yes, he isn， t./No,he i s 这样写是错的，yes后必须用肯定, no后必须用否定。
真题演练1. 一 The secretary's already on the way to the c o m p a n y , s h e ?一. She was badly hurt in the accident and sent to the hospital.A. hasn't; Yes B. hasn't; No C. isn't; Yes D. isn't; No一He has never been to S h a n g h a i , ? 一. He has been there twice.A. has he; No, he hasn't B. has he; No, he hasC. has he; Yes, he has D. hasn't he; Yes, he has3. Alice had a wonderful time y e s t e r d a y , ?A. hadn't she B. wasn't she C. didn't she D. wouldn't she4. -She didn't come to school yesterday, did she?-, though she was not feeling well.A. No, she didn't B. Yes, she didn'tC. No, she did D. Yes,she did5 . --He hardly spent any time on his s u b j e c t s , ?--, so he does badly in his lessons.A .didn't he, Yes B. did he, Yes C. didn't he, No D. did he, No6. He's read this book b e f o r e , ?A. hasn't he B. doesn't he C. isn't he D. wasn't he7. 一 Lefs go for a wa l k , ?—OK, I'm coming . Don't forget to bring your c a me r a , ?A. will you; will you B. will you; shall weC. shall we; shall we D. shall we; will you8. John had a short walk after l unc h, ?A. did he B. didn't he C. had he D. hadn't he9. Nancy hardly rings you up,?A. doesn't she B. does sheC. doesn't Nancy D. does Nancy10. --Your brother often disagrees with y o u , h e ?一. We often have different opinions.A.does; YesC. does; NoB. doesn't ;YesD. doesn't; No 情态动词一、知识结构— 只做情态动词:must/can/could/may/might二、考点及知识点分析1 .定义：情态动词是表示情态意义的动词，他表示说话人的语气和情态，它不能单独作谓语，必须与实义动词一起构成谓语，情态动词没有人称和数的变化，过去式通常表示更客气、更委婉。
2 . 情态动词有四个特征:①不能单独做谓语，必须与其他动词一起构成谓语;②没有人称和数的变化；③情态动词后必须跟动词原形;④具有助动词功能3 . 情态动词基本含义：can could）能，会will would）将，会 , 愿 意have to不得不should应该4 . 表猜测语气的情态动词may might)可以，可能m ust必须need需要had better 最好 had better not) do sth.表猜测性的情态动词有：may /can't /m ustmay表没把握的猜测;can*表有把握的否定猜测;must表有把握的肯定猜测5 . 情态动词开头的疑问句的答语句型肯定回答否定回答Can I...Yes, you can .No, you can't.May I ...Yes ,you may.No, you mustn't./No, you can't.Must I...Yes, you must.No, you needn't./No you don't have to Need I...Yes, you must.No, you needn't6. 情态动词的辨析一①must 与 have to ：m ust表主观看法，意为“ 必须” 。
如： We must finish homework.have to表客观需要，意为“ 不得不” 如： We have to stay at home,because it's raining outside.②maybe 与 may bem ay为情态动词后接动词原形，may be —•般位于句子中；maybe为副词意思为“ 大概，也许” ,maybe 一般位于句子开头如：He may be tired.Maybe he is tired.③can 与 be able tocan只有现在和过去时(could),且can强调自身已具有的能力be able to可用于任何时态中，而beableto强调通过努力而获得的能力如： He can speak Chinese.I was able to swim when I was young.④can't 与 mustn'tcan't表 “ 不可能" ；mustn't表" 禁止, 不许”如： He can't be home,I saw him go out.You mustn't go out.三、情态动词具体用法分析：1 . can的用法：①表示能 力 , 即有某种能力，一般指与牛来具来的能力，注意与beableto ( 强调通过努力而获得的能力) 区分。
e.g.I can smell with my nose.②表示许可, 常在口语中常用may代替e.g.You can/may use my computer.③表示推测, 意为“ 可能” ，常用于否定句和疑问句中，而can*表示“ 不可能” e.g.Can the news be true?2 .could的用法:①can的过去形式，意思是“ 能、会” ，表示过去拥有的能力e.g.She could swim when she was 11 years old.②could在疑问句中，表示委婉请求等，此时could并不是过去式的形式e.g.Could you help me with my homework?3 .may的用法：①表示请求、许可，比can正式，语气更委婉 e.g.May I use your dictionary ?②表示推测，意为“ 可能，或许” ，一般表示可能性不是很大，用于肯定句中e.g.It may rain next week . 明天可能会下雨③may的过去式为m igh t,表示推测，可能性低于maye.g.He drops off school. He might be sick.④表示对某人的一种希望、祝愿，常可译为“ 祝愿、祝福某人… ” 。
句型一般为may +主语+ 动词原形e.g.May you happy!4 .must的用法：①must表示主观要求、看法或命令，意思是“ 必须、一定e.g. You must finish your homework now.②其否定形式mustn't表示" 禁止，不准等” ，不能翻译为不可能e.g.You mustn't play with fire.③must表示很有把握的推测，“ 肯定” ，不能用于否定句中e.g.The light is on, so she must be at school at the moment.④针对must提问的回答： 肯定回答为must否定回答为needn't或don't have toe.g.—Must I finish my homework?—No, you needn't./ No, you don't have to.5 .need的用法：①need表需要，用于否定句和疑问句中②用need提问的回答：肯定回答为m u st,否定回答为needn't或don't have toe.g. 一Need I finish homework today?——Yes, you must./- No. you needn't /don't have to.③need还可以作实义动词，此时有人称、数和时态的变化。
e.g. He needs to learn more about the girl.他需要多了解那个女孩The door needs painting. = The door needs to be painted.6.shall的用法：shall表示征求对方意见（ 一般用于第一、三人称）e.g.Shall we go shopping? 回答：Yes, please./All right./No, thank you.7.should的用法：意为“ 应该” ，表示劝告、建议、或表达某人的义务、责任等e.g.We human should protect the environment.8.had better的用法: 表示“ 最好做某事” ， 无人称的变化， 后面接不带to的不定式,否定形式为：had better note.g.We had better solve the problem now. 真题演练1.she ride a bike when she was 8 years old ?A. Can B. Could C. Need D. May2 .Excuse me ,you show me the way to the station?A. must B. could C. shall D. need3 .Computers_work out difficult maths problems very quickly.A. can B. need C. must D. should4.I come in , Mr Wu? Come in , please. You must come here earlier next time.A. Shall B. Need C. Must D. May5 .Can you speak Japanese? No, IA. mustn't B. can't C .needn't D. May not6 .May I borrow your new computer next week? Sony,youA. won't B. may not C. can't D. didn't7 .Could you get a glass of water fbr me ?A. Good idea B. You're welcome C. That's all right D. No problem8 .Must I still stay here now?A . Yes,you do B. No, you may not C. No,you needn't D. Yes, you are9 . John go there with us tonight, but he isn't very sure about it.A. must B. can C. will D. may10 . Even the top students in our class can't solve this problem. So it _be very difficult.A. can B. may C. must D. need11 . Put on more clothes. You be feeling cold with only a shirt on.A. can B. could C. would D. must12 . A computer think for itself, it must be told what to do.A. can't B. couldn't C. may not D. might not13. I know your name?A. May B. Will C. Shall D. Must14. This pen looks like mine, yet it isn't. Whose it be?A. must B. may C. would D. can15. What kinds of homes will we live in the future?Nobody be sure, but scientists are working out new ideas now.A. will B. may C. can D. must1 -5 B BADB 6-1OCDCDC 11-15DAADC 。