Author introduction•威廉威廉··巴特勒巴特勒··叶芝（叶芝（William William BulterBulter Yeats,1865-1939 Yeats,1865-1939））•爱尔兰著名诗人、剧作家和散文家，爱尔兰著名诗人、剧作家和散文家，一生创作丰富，备受敬仰一生创作丰富，备受敬仰•19231923年度诺贝尔文学奖得主，获奖年度诺贝尔文学奖得主，获奖的理由是的理由是““用鼓舞人心的诗篇，以用鼓舞人心的诗篇，以高度的艺术形式表达了整个民族的高度的艺术形式表达了整个民族的精神风貌精神风貌 •其诗吸收浪漫主义、唯美主义、神秘主义、象征主义其诗吸收浪漫主义、唯美主义、神秘主义、象征主义和玄学诗的精华，几经变革，最终熔炼出独特的风格和玄学诗的精华，几经变革，最终熔炼出独特的风格其艺术被视为英语诗从传统到现代过渡的缩影艾略其艺术被视为英语诗从传统到现代过渡的缩影艾略特曾誉之为特曾誉之为“二十世纪最伟大的英语诗人二十世纪最伟大的英语诗人”•叶芝早年的创作具有浪漫主义的华丽风格，善于营造叶芝早年的创作具有浪漫主义的华丽风格，善于营造梦幻般的氛围，例如他在梦幻般的氛围，例如他在1893年出版的散文集年出版的散文集《《凯尔凯尔特曙光特曙光》》，便属于此风格。
便属于此风格•进入不惑之年后，在现代主义诗人伊兹拉进入不惑之年后，在现代主义诗人伊兹拉·庞德等人庞德等人的影响下，尤其是在其本人参与爱尔兰民族主义政治的影响下，尤其是在其本人参与爱尔兰民族主义政治运动的切身经验的影响下，叶芝的创作风格发生了比运动的切身经验的影响下，叶芝的创作风格发生了比较激烈的变化，更加趋近现代主义了较激烈的变化，更加趋近现代主义了 When You Are Old ——William Butler Yeats（Ireland） •This poem was written in 1893 and dedicated to Maud Gonne, the woman whom he had loved for all of his life. •When you are old and grey and full of sleep , •And nodding by the fire, take down this book. •And slowly read, and dream of the soft look , •Your eyes had once, and of their shadow deep.•How many loved your moments of glad grace, •And love your beauty with love false or true. •But one man love the pilgrim soul in you, •And loved the sorrow of your changing face. •And bending down beside the glowing bars, •Murmur, a little sadly, how love fled •And paled upon the mountains overhead, •And hid his face amid a crowd of stars.•Rhyme abba cddc effe 当你老了（冰心译） 当你老了（冰心译）当你老了，头发花白，睡意沉沉，当你老了，头发花白，睡意沉沉， 倦坐在炉边，取下这本书来，倦坐在炉边，取下这本书来， 慢慢读着，追梦当年的眼神，慢慢读着，追梦当年的眼神， 那柔美的神采与深幽的晕影。
那柔美的神采与深幽的晕影 多少人爱过你青春的片影，多少人爱过你青春的片影， 爱过你的美貌，以虚伪或是真情，爱过你的美貌，以虚伪或是真情， 惟独一人爱你那朝圣者的心，惟独一人爱你那朝圣者的心， 爱你哀戚的脸上岁月的留痕爱你哀戚的脸上岁月的留痕 在炉栅边，你弯下了腰，在炉栅边，你弯下了腰， 低语着，带着浅浅的伤感，低语着，带着浅浅的伤感， 爱情是怎样逝去，又怎样步上群山，爱情是怎样逝去，又怎样步上群山， 怎样在繁星之间藏住了脸怎样在繁星之间藏住了脸 Techniques of expression and emotion•Imagination•A picture which seemed to be old and clumsy•Meanwhile, the picture is warm and fragrant •Contrast•contrast between an attractive young girl and an old lady•Contrast between other people’s love and his •Contrast between reality and imagination •Emphasis •The repetition of fire•Fire is so warm, but the poet felt despair for his love. •Use of symbols•“fire” symbolized “warm”. •“mountain” symbolized “tough, sublimation”•“stars” symbolized “forever” •When I first read this poem, I felt that I want to cry. The poet had declared love for Maud Gonne many times, but he had never get her response. So Yeats could just imagine many years later, when the woman read this poem by chance, she could realize that he is the one who would love her forever.•Tragic beauty 。