高一英语定语从句讲解及学习人教版必修一试题定语从句1.定语从句的结构及理解2.定语从句的关系词的使用3.定语从句的简化表达知识回顾归纳(一)定语从句的结构 在复合句中,修饰某个名词或代词的句子(做这个名词或代词的定语)叫定语从句,定语从句一般放在被修饰的名词或代词后面,被修饰的名词或代词叫做定语从句的先行词,它与定语从句之间要有一个词连接,这个词指代先行词的内容叫做关系词(关系代词或关系副词 that,which,who,whose,when,where,why) 先行词在定语从句中充当主语,宾语,时间,地点,原因状语 结构 先行词+关系词+定语从句 1.Thereshesawawallofwater thatwasquicklyadvancingtowardsher.2.InJapan,someonewhoseesanotherpersonmakingthegesturewillthinkitmeansmoney.3.Athemeparkisacollectionofrides,exhibitionsorotherattractionsthatarebasedonacommontheme.4.Theparkhasaconservationcenterthathelpsprotectmarine。
animalsandtheirhabitatsintheriversandcoastalwatersofAsia.5.Visitorscangoonexcitingrideswheretheycanfeelwhatitisliketodothethingstheyhaveseentheirheroesdointhemovie.6.OprahWinfreyisablackwomanwhoserisetofameisaninspiringstory.(二)定语从句分为限定性定语从句和非限定性定 语从句 限定性定语从句 从句对先行词进行必要的描述或说明,缺少它,则句义显得不完整,从句与先行词紧密相连 非限定性定语从句 对先行词进行补充说明,解释,它与先行词之间有逗号隔开 1.Beforeshecouldmove,sheheardaloudnoise,whichgrewtoaterribleroar.2.Treeaftertreewentdown,cutdownbythewater,whichmusthavebeenthreemetersdeep.3.Flora,whosebeautifulhairanddres。
swereallcoldandwet,startedcrying.4.Theirtalkincludesrhythmandrhymingwordsaswellastonguetwisters,whichoftenmaketheaudienceapplaud.(三)关系词前面可以根据定语从句的内容加上一些介词,这些关系词在介词后面常用which或whom.1.TherewasamanwithwhomIwouldhavetoworktogetherandfinallythemanagerofthecompan y.2.Manypeoplewhosawthefilmwereafraidtoswimintheseawhentheyrememberedthescenesinwhichpeoplewereeatenbytheshark.知识要点与难点(一)当先行词有最高级,序数词修饰,是不定代词,或是all,no,only等形式时,关系代词一般用that,而不能用which 1.TheTitanicwasthelargestshipthathadeverbeenbuiltatthattime.2.Thereisone。
thingthatkeepsworryingme.(二)当先行词是表示时间,地点,原因的词时,关系词用when,where,why还有which,that1.ImverygladtoreturntomyhometownwhereIhadlivedfor10years.2.ThisismyhometownwhichIusedtotalkabouttoyou.3.IthinkIcanunderstandthereasonwhyhedidnttellthetruthtome.4.Noonebel ievesthereasonthathegaveusabouthisabsenceatthemeeting.(三)定语从句的简化表达 1.ThemanwhoissittingontheplatformisaprofessorfromWuhanUniversity.2.Theletterthatwasmailedlastnightwillreachhimtomorrow.3.Thequestionthatisbeingdiscussedisveryimportant.4.Youarewelcome。
toapartytobegiveninourclassat7:45.说明 以上的定语从句部分可以用更加简单的非谓语形式表达出来 1.ThemansittingontheplatformisaprofessorfromWuhanUniversity.2.Thelettermailedlastnightwillreachhimtomorrow.3.Thequestionbeingdiscussedisveryimportant.4.Youarewelcometoapartytobegiveninou rclassat7:45.说明 修饰一个名词除了后面用定语从句以外,还可以用非谓语动词形式 doing短语,done短语,beingdone短语,tobedone短语修饰 其结构和意思如下 1.被修饰名词+doing短语 正在做.的人/正在发生的事 2.被修饰名词+done短语 被.的人/事3.被修饰名词+beingdone短语 正在被.的人/事4.被修饰名词+tobedone短语 将要被.的人/事(1)Doyouknowthemantalkingtomysister?(2)The“crazy”gesture,movingthein。
dexfingerinacircleinfrontoftheear,means“youhaveaphonecall”inBrazil.(3)Didyouseethatcarbeingrepaired?(4)Inacamera,thelensmustbefocusedontheobjecttobephotographed.(5)Thestudentstoattendthemeetingwillarriveheretomorrow.(6)Goodsimportedfromabroadarenot alwaysbetterthanthosemadeinChina.(7)TheYellowRiver,saidtobe“themotherriver”runsacrossChinalikeahugedragon.回顾 以上做定语的那些短语就是英语语法中所说的分词,不定式的各种形式作定语 1.这些短语作定语应放在被修饰名词的后面 如果单独一个V-ing或V-ed形式作定语,则可以放在被修饰名词前面 2.分词作定语时,其动作应与全句动作同时发生 V-ing表示主动意义和正在做,V-ed表示被动意义。
beingdone表示正在被做的3.不定式作定语表 示将要发生的,tobedone表示将要被做的【典型例题】例1Friendshipisneededbyall,_playsanimportantroleinpeopleslives.A.whichB.thatC.whoD.it分析 _playsanimportantroleinpeopleslives为非限定性定语从句修饰先行词Friendship用which连接定语从句 答案 A例2UncleLi_Iworkedthreeyearsagohasretirednow.A.whoB.whomC.withwhomD. towhom分析 _Iworkedthreeyearsago作为定语从句修饰先行词UncleLi,从句完整的表达是 IworkedwithUncleLithreeyearsago.所以关系词前应加上介词with 答案 C例3Isthisthereason_atthemeetingforhiscarelessnessinhiswork?A.heexplainedB.whatheexplainedC.howheexplainedD.whyheexplained分析 定语从句_atthemeetingfo。
rhiscarelessnessinhiswork修饰先行词thereason指“他在会上就他工作中的粗心解释的原因 先行词在从句中做宾语 答案 A例4Teachers,_workisratherhard,arebeingbetterpaidthanbefore.A.whoB.thatC.whichD.whose分析 非限定性定语从句_workisratherhard修饰先行词teachers,它与从句中的work是从属关系,关系词用whose答案 D例5TheOlympicGames,_in776BC,didntincludedwomenplayersuntil1912.A.firstplayingB.tobefirstplayedC.firstplayedD.tobefirstplaying分析 公元前776年被首次举行的奥运会,直到1912年才容纳女运动员 _in776BC做定语修饰TheOlympicGames,指过去的内容,表示被动 用done做定语 答 6Word版本。