英汉互译常用技巧之英汉互译常用技巧之简译法简译法陈霞陈霞 宾艳芳宾艳芳 李晖李晖 减译法又叫简词译法、省略法，所谓“省略”并不是把原文的意义删去，而是省略一些可有可无的，或者有了反而显得累赘甚至违背译文语言习惯的词，而不是把原文的某些思想内容删去 （一）代词的省略 A·省略作主语的代词EXAMPLES：1）That’s the way I am ,and try as I might ,I haven’t been able to change it.但我就是这个脾气，虽然几经努力，却未能改变过来 2））All the fellow gathered around ,stretching their necks like ducks.所有的人聚拢过来，像鹅一样伸长脖子所有的人聚拢过来，像鹅一样伸长脖子3））He covered his eye with his hands .他用双手捂住了眼睛他用双手捂住了眼睛 B·在英语句子中，泛指的人称代词常常不译出来EXAMPLES:1）When will he arrive？—You can never tell .他什么时候到？说不准。
2）If you want to kill a snake you must hit it first on the head and if you want to catch a band of robbers you must first catch their leader.打蛇先打头，擒贼先擒王 3））The significance of a man is not in what he attains but rather in what he longs to attains.人生的意义不在于已获取的，而在于渴望获得什么人生的意义不在于已获取的，而在于渴望获得什么样的东西样的东西4））What one knows is ,in youth ,of little moment; they know enough who know how to learn.一个人年轻时懂得什么不大重要，重要的是懂得如一个人年轻时懂得什么不大重要，重要的是懂得如何学习 C·作宾语的代词往往也可省略EXAMPLES:1）The following letter will explain itself and needs no apology.下面的话一看就明白，用不着道歉。
2）She laid her hand lightly on his arm as if to thank him for it.她轻轻地把手放在他的胳膊上，好像表示感谢 D·省略物主代词EXAMPLES:1）Her dark hair waved untidy across her broad forehead ,her face was short ,her upper lip short ,showing a glint of teeth ,her brows were straight and dark ,her lashes long and dark ,her nose straight.她的黑发蓬松地飘拂在宽宽的前额上，脸是短短的，上唇也是短短的，露出一排亮亮的牙齿，眉毛又黑又直，鼻子笔挺 2）In order to survive ,to feed, clothe and shelter himself and his children, man is engaged in a constant struggle with nature.为了生存，为了自己和子孙后代的衣食住行，人类和大自然进行着斗争。
2·省略非人称或无意义的代词省略非人称或无意义的代词it “it”也起着代词的作用，当它被用作非人称或没有意义的时候，也起着代词的作用，当它被用作非人称或没有意义的时候，往往可以省略往往可以省略A ·非人称的itEXAMPLES:1）Outside it was pitch dark and it was raining cats and dogs.外面漆黑一团，下着瓢泼大雨2）A well-known characteristic of light is that it travels in a straight lines.光的一个人尽皆知的特点是直线传播 无意义的itn1 It was very easy for him to pour the whole bottle of wine into his throat.n将整瓶酒倒进喉咙对他来说就是小菜一碟n2 It is better to do well than to say well.n说的好不如做的好n3 It is only shallow people who judge by appearance.n只有浅薄的人才会以貌取人。
省略连词wA省略并列连词and和orw1 Mr.Bingley was good-looking and gentleman-like.w宾利先生相貌英俊，彬彬有礼w2 Men and women ,old and young,all joinde in the battle.w男女老少都参加了战斗 B 省略从属连词•1 We knew spring was coming as we had seen a robin.•我们看见了一只更鸟，知道春天快要到了表示原因）•2 If you don′t go there tomorrow ,they will get angry•你明天不去，他们会生气的 省略介词省略介词l表示时间和地点的介词短语在被翻译成汉语的时候，如果能够放在句首，介词往往可以省略；如果只能放在句末，就不能省略l1 On sundays we have no school.l周末我们不上学l2 Smoking is prohibited in public places.l公共场所禁止吸烟 n3 She hid behind the door .n她藏在门后（behind不能省略）n4 His brother stood by the window.n他弟弟站在窗边（by不能省略） 谓语的省略v英语的谓语必须是动词，而汉语的谓语却可以是形容词或其他词性，故英语中的动词特别是联系动词可以省略不译。
v1 These developing countries cover vast territories,encompass a large population and abound in natural resources.v这些发展中国家土地辽阔，人口众多，资源丰富v2 When the pressure gets low,the boiling-point becomes low.v压力低，沸点就低 （二）从修辞角度考虑的省略1 省略汉语中不言而喻或可有可无的字n1 There was no snow,the leaves were gone from the trees,the grass was dead.n没有下雪，但叶落草枯n2 Could you help me in any way?n你能帮帮我吗? 2 英文中重复出现的短语译成汉语时可适当省略§1 University applicants who had worked at a job would receive preference over those who had not .§报考大学的人，有工作的优先录取。
§2 She curtseyed again,and would have blushed deeper,if she could have blushed deeper than she has blushed all the time.§她又行了个屈膝礼，由于她的脸一直涨的通红，所以现在不可能涨的更红了 3 同义词，近义词或意义重复的词，翻译时可适当省略l1 He was safe and sound.l他平安无恙l2 Bacteria capable of causing disease are known as pathoenic,or disease-prodeducing.l能引起疾病的细菌称为致病菌 总结总结l总之，应该记住这样一个原则：简译法是指原文中有些词在译文中不译出来，因为译文中虽无其词已有其意，或者在译文中是不言而喻的；换言之，减译法是删去一些可有可无的，或者有了反嫌累赘或违背译文习惯表达法的词，但减译并不是把原文的某些思想内容删去。