一、虚拟语气考查点一、虚拟语气考查点 1、条件从句中的虚拟语气、条件从句中的虚拟语气 （1）虚拟条件句的基本形式： 与现在事实相反：if条件句用一般过去时（动词be用were），主句用would(should/could/might)+动词原形与将来事实相反：if 条件句中用过去时，或should/were to+动词原形，主句用would (should/could/might)+动词原形与过去事实相反：if 条件句中用过去完成时，主句用would（should/could/might）+have+过去分词 1）The millions of calculations involved, had they been done by hand, all practical value by the time they were finished.(2001年 1月，CET-4)[A] had lost [B] would have lost[C] would lose [C] should have lost答案为[B]，虚拟语气表示与过去事实相反时，主句应用would/should have done的形式。
2)Jean doesn’t want to work right away because she thinks that if she a job she probably wouldn’t be able to see her friends very often.(1996年1月，CET-4)[A] has to get [B] were to get [C] had got [D] could have got 答案为[B]，表示与将来事实相反时，if条件句中用过去时，或should/were to +动词原形，主句用would(should /could/might )+动词原型本句四个选项中只有[B]符合要求 （2）虚拟条件句的倒装形式 3） before we depart the day after tomorrow, we should have a wonderful dinner party. (1997年1月，CET-4)[A] Had they arrived [B] Would they arrive[C] Were they to arrive [C] Were they arriving答案为[C]。
从后半句should可以判断这是一个虚拟语气的句子，并且是与将来事实相反的，所以前半句应用过去时，用倒装可以省if （3）含蓄虚拟条件句 虚拟条件有时不是通过if从句明显地表达出来，而是隐含在副词、介词短语或上下文中经常表示这种含蓄条件的有：otherwise或or（否则，不然的话）；with（如果有了）或without（要是没有）；but for...（要不是，倘若没有）；介词短语，如in the past(要是在以往)，in sb’s position(如果处在某人 的 位 置 上 )， under...（ 要 是 在 ……情 况 下 ） ； would rather...（宁愿，更情愿）等等都可以表示隐含虚拟条件 4）He must have had an accident, or he then.(1990年1月，CET-4)[A]would have been here [B]should be here[C]had to be here [D]would be there 答案为[A]or 在这里隐含了与过去事实相反的虚拟语气，表示if he had not had an accident,所以其后的主句用would have done 而不用其它的。
(4)错综时间条件句 5）If I hadn’t stood under the ladder to catch you when you fell, you now.(1999年1月，CET-4)[A]wouldn’t be smiling [B] couldn’t have smiled[C]won’t smile [D] didn’t have smiled答案为[A]错综虚拟语气从句与过去事实相反，主句与现在事实相反 2、、在在“It is/was+形形容容词词+that从从句句”的的结结构构中中，，常常用用“(should+)动词原形动词原形”作从句的谓语作从句的谓语用于这种结构的形容词有：advisable, appropriate, better, compulsory(强 制 的 )， concerned, crucial(紧 要 关 头 的 )，desirable, essential, imperative(绝 对 必 要 的 )， important, natural, necessary, obligatory(必须履行的)，only fair, only just, only right, preferable, proper, reasonable, urgent, vital等。
1）It is important that the hotel receptionist that guests are registered correctly. (2001年1月，CET-4)[A] has made sure [B] made sure[C] must make sure [D] make sure答案为[D]it is important/necessary/… +that 从句”结构常用“(should)+动词原形”形式表虚拟语气，故选[D] 2）It is vital that enough money to fund the project.（1997年1月，CET-4）[A] is collected [B] be collected[C] must be collected [D] can be collected答 案 为 [B] 在 It is vital/important/necessary/advisable that…结构中，that 从句要用（should）+do 构成的虚拟语气结构。
3）It is essential that these application forms back as early as possible.（2000年 1月，CET-4）[A] must be sent [B] will be sent[C] are sent [D] be sent答案为[D]在is important/ necessary/ essential + that从句结构中，此类形容词含有的祈使语气要求其后的that从句用“（should）+动词原形”形式的虚拟语气，故选[D] 4）I don’t think it advisable that Tim to the job since he has no experience.(1997年6月，CET-4)[A]is assigned [B] will be assigned[C] be assigned [D] has been assigned答案为[C]。
句意为：“我认为让Tim做这项工作是不明智的，因为他缺乏经验advisable是指“明智，可行的”，在本句中that引导的宾语从句（后置），it为形式宾语，指代后置的that从句，相当于“it is advisable that…”, 由于使用了形容词“advisable”，从句要用should do 结构，should被省略 你都明白了吗？ 3、It’s (about/getting/high)time…后的虚拟语气后的虚拟语气 在It’s(about/getting/high)time 后面的that从句中，动词要用一般过去式，表示“差不多/早该是……的时候了”其中that 可以省略1）It is high time that such practices . (2003年1月，CET-4)[A]are ended [B] be ended [C] were ended [D] must be ended答案为[C]句意为：“该是结束这种做法的时候了”It is (high) time that…表示的是与现在事实相反的情况，从句谓语动词要用过去时，故选[C]。
其余三项均不能表示虚拟语气 2）It’s already 5 o’clock now. Don’t you think it’s about time ?(1995年1月，CET-4)[A] we are going home [B] we go home [C] we went home [D] we can go home答案为[C]句意为：“已经5点了难道你不觉得我们该回家了吗？”It’s about time后面用一般过去时表示虚拟语气 此外，应注意以下区别：（1）“It’s time(+for+宾语)+动词不定式”这一结构的意思是“时间刚好该做……”，是陈述语气，表一种“事实”，如It’s time to start work.该开始工作了而“It’s time(+that)+主语+动词的过去式”有“已经晚了，早应该做……”的含义，是虚拟语气，表主观设想，如It’s time we started work.我们早该开始工作了2）在It’s the first(second, third, etc)time 后面所接的that 从句中，谓语动词应用完成体，来表示一种经历。
两种结构不要相混 4、、if only, wish后的虚拟语气后的虚拟语气（1）wish 之后的宾语从句，或if only感叹句中的谓语动词用过去时，表示与现在的实际情况相反的希望●…wish(+that)+从句主语+动词过去式（动词be用were）●If only(=I wish )+ 主语+动词过去式（动词be用were）(2)wish 和if only后的从句中用过去完成时表示与过去实际情况相反的愿望3)wish 和if only后的从句中用would+动词原形，表示对现状不满，希望将来能有所改变，或希望某件事将会发生（但在说话时尚未发生） 1）Look at the terrible situation I am in! If only I your advice. (1990年6月，CET-4)[A]follow [B] had followed [C] would follow [D] have followed答案为[B]if only感叹句中的谓语动词用过去时，表示与现在事实相反的情况，故选[B]2）Sometimes I wish I in a different time and a different place.(2000年1月，CET-4)[A] be living [B] were living [C] am living [D] would have lived 答案为[B]。
sometimes(有时，时常)是一个表示一般性的时间状语；wish后的宾语从句表达的是与现实相反的愿望，be动词统一用were 3）I wish I longer this morning, but I had to get up and come to class.(1995年6月，CET-4)[A]have slept [B] slept [C] might have slept [D] could have slept 答案为[D]wish 后的从句中用过去完成时表示与过去实际情况相反的愿望原句表示“‘我’希望今早能多睡一会儿”，但实际上没能做到，所以用句型“could have done”[A] 是现在完成时，不对，[B] 是过去时，不能表示与过去相反[C] 中might 与句型不符 4）Jack wishes that he business instead of history when he was in university.（2001年6月，CET-4）[A]studied [B] study [C] had been studying [D] had studied答案为[D]。
wish在宾语从句中用过去完成时表过去情况未发生5）If only the committee the regulations and put them into effect as soon as possible.（1997年1月，CET-4）[A] approve [B] would approve [C] can approve [D] will approve答案为[B]if only后的从句中用would+动词原形，表示对现状不满，希望将来能有所改变，或希望某件事将会发生（但在说话时尚未发生），所以选[B] 5、某某些些表表示示建建议议、、要要求求、、命命令令等等意意义义的的动动词词之之后后that从从句句中的虚拟语气中的虚拟语气某些表示建议、命令等主观倾向性概念的动词带宾语从句或用于“It is/was+此类动词的过去分词+that 从句”结构时，从句中的谓语动词须用“should+动词原形”的形式此类动词有：表示愿望的：desire, prefer（宁肯）表示建议的：advise, move（提议），propose, suggest, recommend 表示要求、请求的：ask, beg, insist, maintain, oblige, request, require, urge（强烈要求，极力主张）表示命令的：command, decree, dictate, direct, order, stipulate表示决定的：decide, determine, resolve其它：arrange, deserve, intend(意欲)，motion（示意），promise等。
1）We desire that the tour leader us immediately of any change in plans.（1993年6月，CET-4）[A]inform [B] informs [C]informed [D] had informed答案为[A]advise, propose, suggest, recommend 等一些表示建议、命令等主观倾向性概念的动词带宾语从句时，从句中的谓语动词须用“should+动词原形”的形式desire意为：“希望”，从句中用should+动词原形，should可以省略 2）It is recommended that the project until all the preparations have been made.（1995年6月，CET-4）[A]not be started [B] will not be started [C] is not started [D] is not to be started答案为[A]。
recommend意思为：“推荐，建议”，从句用should+动词原形，should可以省略选项[A]=should not be started 3)Mike’s uncle insists in this hotel.(2000年1月，CET-4)[A] staying not [B] not to stay[C] that he would not stay [D] that he not stay 答案为[D]，insist(坚持)后的宾语从句用should（not）+动词原形，should可省略 4）As Commander-Chief of the armed forces, I have directed that all measures for our defense.(1996年6月，CET-4)[A]had been taken [B] would be taken [C] be taken [D] to be taken 答案为[C]direct（命令，指示）后的宾语从句的动词用should+动词原形，本句should后面的动词是被动语态(should be taken)，should被省略，剩下be taken。
6、某些名词后的、某些名词后的that从句中的虚拟语气从句中的虚拟语气 某些名词，特别是上面提到的表示建议、要求、命令等含义的动词相应的名词形式，在其同位语从句或其作主语后的表语从句中，谓语动词是要用“(should+)动词原形”这些名词有（ 可 和 相 应 的 动 词 放 在 一 起 记 忆 ） ： advice, agreement, command, decision, decree(政令)，demand, desire, determination, insistence, motion(提 议 )， necessity, order, plan, preference, suggestion, proposal等1）The suggestion that the mayor the prizes was accepted by everyone.（2000年6月，CET-4）[A]would [B]present [C]presents [D] ought to present答案为[B]名词suggestion(建议)的同位语从句用“should+动词原形”，should可省略，故选[B]。
2) We are all for your proposal that the discussion .(1998年6月，CET-4)[A]be put off [B] was put off [C] should put off [D] is to put off 答案为[A]名词proposal（提议）的同位语从句用“should+动词原形”作谓语，discussion是受动者，故用被动式，should do 结构中should可省略，所以选[A] 7、在其它状语从句中的虚拟语气、在其它状语从句中的虚拟语气 在在lest, in case 等引出的从句中可以用等引出的从句中可以用““should+动词原形动词原形””结结构构 1）The mad man was put in the soft padded cell lest he himself.(1998年1月，CET-4)[A] injure [B] had injured [C] injured [D] would injure答案为[A]，lest 引导条件状语从句用（should）do。
2）While crossing the mountain area, all the men carried guns lest they by wild animals.(2003年1月，CET-4)[A] should be attacked [B]had been attacked[C] must be attacked [D] would be attacked答案为[A]在lest引导的目的的状语从句中，动词用should do 你都明白了吗？ 。