Trade Standard of the People’s Republic of China JTJ JTJ 044-89Anti-seismic Design Code for Highway EngineeringIssued on 01-01-1990 Implemented on 01-01-1990Issued by the Ministry of Communications ofthe People's Republic of ChinaContents1 General Rules 12 Route, Bridge Site, Tunnel Site and Foundation 32.1. Route, Bridge site and Tunnel Site 32.2. Foundation 53. Subgrade and Retaining Wall 93.1. Checking calculations of anti-seismic strength and stability 93.2. Anti-seismic measures 124 Bridges 144.1. General rules 144.2. Seismic load 154.3. Checking Calculations of Anti-seismic Strength and Stability 314.4. Anti-seismic measures 34Chapter 5 Tunnels 405.1. General Rules 405.2. Checking Calculations of Anti-seismic Strength and Stability 405.3. Anti-seismic measures 42Appendix 1 Approximate Formulas for Fundamental Period of Beam Bridge Piers 44Appendix 2 Approximate Calculation Formula for Fundamental Period of Beam Bridges with Laminated Rubber Bearings 46Appendix 3 Approximate Calculation Formulas for Fundamental Period of Single-span Arch Bridges 47Appendix 4 Approximate Calculation Formula for Natural Vibration Period of Multiple-arch Bridges 49Appendix 5 Table of Seismic Internal Force Coefficient for Arch Bridges 52Appendix 6 Method of Determination of Dynamic Magnification Coefficient β According to Site Assessment Index μ 57Appendix 7 Explanation of Terminology of this Code 59Appendix 8 Wording Explanation of the Code 60Anti-seismic Design Code for Highway EngineeringJTJ044-89 Execution on January 1st, 1990 Basic SymbolsActions and their effects- Horizontal seismic load acting at the center of gravity of calculated subgrade soil mass- Horizontal seismic load acting at the center of gravity of wall body above section i- Horizontal seismic load acting at mass point i of a beam bridge pier - Horizontal seismic load generated on the top surface of laminated rubber bearings on pier i by superstructure- Horizontal seismic load generated by pier body- Summation of horizontal seismic loads generated on the top surface of one or several laminated rubber bearings by superstructure- Horizontal seismic load acting at the center of gravity of abutment body- Active soil pressure acting over every linear meter of abutment back in case of an earthquake- Longitudinal horizontal concentrated force acting on pier top- Longitudinal horizontal seismic load distributed around pier body- Transverse horizontal concentrated force acting on pier top- Bending moment, shear force or torsional moment caused at arch foot, arch crown and 1/4 arch span sections by transverse horizontal seismic load uniformly distributed along arch rings of an equal-span multiple-arch bridge- Horizontal seismic load acting on any of mass points on tunnel lining and open cut tunnels- Gravity of calculated soil mass of subgrade- Gravity of wall body masonry above section i- Gravity of pier body segments- Converted mass point gravity on the top surface of bearingsGap- Gravity of superstructure- Gravity of beam caps- Gravity of pier body- Converted mass point gravity of piers to the top surface of laminated rubber bearings- Gravity of abutment body above the top surface of foundation- Average gravity over unit arc length of arch rings, including structures on top of arches- Concentrated gravity on the top of pier i- Total gravity of superstructures of a one-span arch bridge- Gravity over each linear meter of pier body- Total hydrodynamic pressure acting on piers at 1/2 height of water depth in case of an earthquake- Longitudinal horizontal seismic load acting on fixed bearings- Transverse horizontal seismic load acting on fixed bearings and freely movable bearings- Longitudinal or transverse horizontal seismic load acting on rubber bearings- Bending moment, shear force or axial force caused at arch foot, arch crown and 1/4 arch span section by vertical seismic load arising from longitudinal horizontal seismic motion of a single-span arch bridge- Variable moment, shear or axial force caused at arch foot, arch crown and 1/4 arch span cross section by horizontal seismic load arising from longitudinal horizontal seismic motion of a single-span arch bridge- Bending moment, shear force or torsion moment caused at arch foot, arch crown and 1/4 arch span section by horizontal seismic load arising from transverse horizontal seismic motion of a single-span arch bridge- Total seismic internal force of arch rings of an equal-span multiple-arch bridge- Total seismic internal force of pier bodies of an equal-span multiple-arch bridge- Relative horizontal displacement of a beam bridge pier at the center of gravity of segment i in the fundamental mode- Ratio of horizontal displacement caused at general scouring line or on the top surface of foundation by unit horizontal force longitudinally a。