课程主题：短文首字母填空 2023年南京中考英语总复习精美实用教案学习目标 掌握首字母填空的解题思路和技巧：教学内容【进门测试】People eat different dishes during the traditional festival,the Spring Festival.Some of them have special meaningsand s 66 for good luck.In China,fish s 67 like“yu（means something left）in Chinese.It is necessary because people think if theyhave managed to save something at the end of the year,then they can make more in the next year.The head shouldntbe moved.The two people who face the head and the tail should drink together,as this is c 68 to have a luckymeaning.A 69 traditional dish is Chinese Dumplings which mean w 70.They are classical Chinese food with a h7 1 of more 1,800 years.And they are also a traditional dish eaten on Chinese New Years Eve,widely p 72 inChina,especially in North China.They are made to look like Chinese silver ingots（元宝）.Legend has it that the moredumplings you eat during the New Year celebrations,the more money you can make in the New Year.Next is Glutinous Rice Cake（年糕）,which means“getting higher and higher next year”.Students can make greatp 73 in the study and workers can get a higher income or position t 74 before.Oranges are regarded as luckyfruit during the Chinese New Year period.Eating oranges can make you succeed and b 75 you good luck.Ifsinteresting and meaningful to know something about the food eaten during the Spring Festival,isnt it?答案：66.stand 67.sounds 68.considered 69.Another 70.wealth71.history 72.popular 73.progress 74.than 75.bring【多元导学】教学建议：老师引导学生根据图片引出本节课的主题一中考短文首字母填空（二）。
结合下图，请你为提升短文首字母填空的解题能力出谋划策！反找因题，原错思出重点短语固定搭配天限注每，且量持练并质坚训时重【互动精讲】【知识梳理1】概况简述考查考生对语言的综合运用能力既考查考生对语法、词汇、句型、搭配等基础知识的综合运用能力，也考查了考生对文章的阅读理解能力着重考查学生在具体的语境中运用语言知识，根据文章内容进行合理的逻辑推断的能力所考查的词性依然以名词、形容词副词、动词等实词为主知识梳理2】考查范围和中考趋势从近几年的考题来看，短文填空题所考查的单词涉及的词性范围较广，文中所涉及的语言知识面较宽，学生需运用己学过的词法、句法及常用词组、短语、惯用法等知识进行具体分析后再答题，有一定的难度文章短小、精悍，字数通常在100150之间短文的体裁不一，有记叙文、说明文、议论文等短文题材丰富,内容通俗易懂，与现代生活紧密相关，可读性、趣味性强，符合初中生的认知特点知识梳理4】解题技巧1.通读短文全文，抓住高频词，把握大意短文中虽有一些词未知，但不影响对文章主要内容的理解在初步阅读中，可以跳过空格，尽量捕捉文章所提供的内容信息，以及语法结构方面的提示，有助于下一步的分析与判断因此，我们在做题时，一定要先掌握文章的中心大意。
从中获取文章的基本结构、体裁、主题及所使用的时态等相关信息为正确而高效答题提供坚实的基础与保障2.确定词性，缩小选词范围通读全文、掌握大意后，瞻前顾后，结合空格前后的内容，从语法、句法及固定搭配等方面，确定空格所填词性从文意中找出句与文、句与句、词与句、词与词之间的关系，尤其是一些不易察觉的、隐含的微妙关系,用已知信息去获取未知信息，以便初步确定词性3.仔细推敲，判断题目类型并选出正确词汇词性判断正确，大大缩小选词范围，重要的一步是分析题目类型所谓题目类型指的是题目的考察能力及内容1）语法题:考查学生的语法技能；Many times,Peters and others w_ worked in and near Park Plaza often saw squirrels run over.解哲：句意：很多时候，彼得斯和在公园和公园附近工作的其他人经常看到松鼠跑过来根据句意和首字母提示可知填whOo答案：who2）逻辑题:考查学生的逻辑推理及理解能力；A the movie and Mickeys acting were wonderful,Mickeys greatest movie-making days were over.解析：考查连词，根据上下文提示，尽管米奇的表演很棒，但是米奇的时代还是结束了，所以填Although。
答案：Although3）上下文语意题:根据上下文语意和语境判定所填词汇；The movie was called Plane Crazy,but it was a s movie.Later the same year,another movie calledSteamboat Willie was also made.It was Mickeys first talking movie and was a rapid success.解析：考查形容词，根据下文提示，Steamboat Willie是米奇第一部有声电影，那么Plane Crazy应该是无声电影，所以填silent答案：silent4）常识题：根据基本常识判断所填词汇；A city in southern India,Bangalore,also tried to promote（促进）safe driving on its roads last year.解析：考查常识题由下文in southern India,Bangalore可知本题答案为another答案：Another5）固定搭配题：根据固定搭配和短语判断词汇；A senior police officer said he hoped spending a day or two in jail would make parents to think t beforeletting children use their vehicles.解析：警方的高级官员表示这种方式能够让家长在让孩子用车之前再三思考一下，think twice为固定短语，表示慎重思考。
答案：twice4.确定词汇的正确形式词选对了，并不代表正确答案，而要再次确定是否是填写的正确形式如果是名词，应注意其数的变化及所有格的变化；如果是动词，需注意根据其在句中的语法功能确定其正确的时态、语态及非谓语动词形式；如果是形容词、副词，要注意其级的变化；如果是代词，要注意其主格与宾格、形容词性与名词性物主代词、反身代词等的变化；如果是连词，要注意其在并列句、状语从句、宾语从句中的用法等批注：填入的词既能使句意通顺，又能做到语法、用词搭配的正确如 bought易误答成buy；lights易误答成 light；reaches易误答成reach;heavier易误答成heavy等因此，在初步确定答案后，一定还要反复考虑，仔细推敲，确保用词准确5.复读全文，全面检查答题完毕后复读全文，进行核查是必不可少的做完题后，一定要认真检查，尽量减少粗心所致的笔误或拼写错误，对有疑问的地方，更要根据文章的内容、上下文的语法结构、逻辑发展进行反复斟酌，这样才能尽量避免失分填完所有单词后，不可孤立地逐个词检查，而应复读全文，仔细检查自己所填的词是否符合文章的情景内容，读起来是否顺畅，是否合乎句法，单词拼写是否有误，单词形式是否正确等，发现问题及时更正。
知识梳理5】典例解析1.依据习惯用法与固定搭配，填出简单项例 1：In this w,there is every chance that he is a to widen his horizon（眼界）and broaden his mind.解析：考查固定词组in this way和 be able to句意：通过这种方式，他能够有机会扩宽眼界、充实大脑答案：way;able例 2：Moreover,they dont know the customs（风俗）of local people very w,and they may have trouble dealingwith some situations.解析：考查固定词组know well句意：除此之外，他们如果不了解当地人的风俗习惯，处理一些状况可能就会有困难答案：well例 3：Supporting his opinion,he said,“During the period,countries like Italy and Spain were f of slaves from theEast?解析：考查固定词组be full of。
句意：在那段时间，像意大利和西班牙都充斥着来自东方的奴隶答案：full例 4：The smoking emoji usually s for the feeling of cool or relaxed“in many apps before.解析：考查固定词组stand for抽烟的表情符号代表cool或 relaxed,即 stand for（.但 根 据 before可知，这里应该用过去式，故 填 stood.答 案:stood批注：引导学生依据习惯用法与固定搭配进行填词，特殊句子结构要牢记；并且注意实词的形式2.动词：需要注意时态、语态及非谓语动词判断是否是动词的基本方法：不管句子的类型如何，英语中每个句子都有一个核心动词，去掉充当句子修饰部分的“枝叶”，留下的骨干部分，看是否为一个完整的句子，是否缺少一个核心骨动词其他诸如助动词后加动词原形，情态动词须和动词等小的知识点不再赘述，在讲解动词专题时带着详述例 1：During his first few years in show business,his roles always s him as a musician.解析：考查动词，show sb.a s.作为.展示，注意此处动词用一般过去时，所以填showed。
答案：showed例 2：That did not m,however,that Mickey was not still liked.In 1955 t。