Past simple vs. past perfect simple2021/6/31 1. cleaned the blackboard2. closed the window ——————∣—————∣—————→∣——→ nowhad cleaned the blackboardclosed the windowShe had cleaned the blackboard before she closed the window.After she had cleaned the blackboard , she closed the window.2021/6/32 drank waterhad run out of breath1. ran out of breath2. drank waterHe had run out of breath before he drank water.After he had run out of breath, he drank water. ——————∣—————∣—————→∣——→ now2021/6/33 1. ate an apple2. slept ——————∣—————∣—————→∣——→ nowhad eaten an applesleptShe had eaten an apple before she slept.After she had eaten an apple , she slept.2021/6/34 2. played ping pong1. did his homework ——————∣—————∣—————→∣——→ now played ping ponghad done his homeworkHe had done his homework before he played ping pong.After he had done his homework , he played Ping pong.2021/6/35 Discussion:1.The structure of the Past perfect tense:（结构）（结构）2.2.The definition of the Past perfect tense: （定义）（定义）2021/6/36 主语主语+had + 动词的过去分词动词的过去分词 (p.p.)定义：定义：强调强调过去过去某一个动作发生在某一个动作发生在另一个动作另一个动作前前常常用过去完成时态。
常常用过去完成时态1.在老师进入教室前在老师进入教室前, 李磊擦了黑李磊擦了黑 板板.LiLei ______________ (clean) the blackboard before the teacher came into the classroom.had cleaned2. 当我们到那儿时火车已经离开了当我们到那儿时火车已经离开了The train __________ (leave) when we arrived there.had leftWe use the past perfect simple when we need to make it clear that an event took place before another past event.构成：构成： 2021/6/37 过去完成时的判断依据过去完成时的判断依据:1. 由时间状语来判定：一般说来，各种时由时间状语来判定：一般说来，各种时态都有特定的时间状语与过去完成时连用态都有特定的时间状语与过去完成时连用的时间状语有：的时间状语有： (1) by + 过去的时间点如：过去的时间点如： 昨天晚上九点前我已经读完这本小说了。
昨天晚上九点前我已经读完这本小说了I had finished reading the novel by nine o'clock last night. 2021/6/38 (2) by the end of + 过去的时间点如：过去的时间点如： 截止到上学期末，我们已经学了两千多个英文单截止到上学期末，我们已经学了两千多个英文单词了We had learned over two thousand English words by the end of last term. (3) before + 过去的时间点如：过去的时间点如： 上周三以前他们已经中了六百棵树了上周三以前他们已经中了六百棵树了They had planted six hundred trees before last Wednesday. 2021/6/39 2. 由由“过去的过去过去的过去”来判定：过去完成时表示来判定：过去完成时表示“过过去的过去去的过去”，是指过去某一动作之前已经发生或完，是指过去某一动作之前已经发生或完成的动作，即动作有先后关系，动作在前的用过成的动作，即动作有先后关系，动作在前的用过去完成时，在后的用一般过去时。
这种用法常出去完成时，在后的用一般过去时这种用法常出现在：现在： (1) 宾语从句中宾语从句中: 当宾语从句的主句为一般过去当宾语从句的主句为一般过去时，且从句的动作先于主句的动作时，从句要用时，且从句的动作先于主句的动作时，从句要用过去完成时过去完成时在told, said, knew, heard, thought等动词后的宾语从句如：等动词后的宾语从句如： 她说她以前看过这电影她说她以前看过这电影She said that she had seen the film before. 2021/6/310 (2) 状语从句中状语从句中: 在时间、条件、原因、方式等在时间、条件、原因、方式等状语从句中，状语从句中，主、从句的动作发生有先后关系，主、从句的动作发生有先后关系，动动作在前的，要用过去完成时作在前的，要用过去完成时，动作在后的要用一般，动作在后的要用一般过去时如：如： 当我到达车站时，火车已经离开了当我到达车站时，火车已经离开了When I got to the station, the train had already left. 他完成作业以后，就上床睡觉了他完成作业以后，就上床睡觉了。
After he had finished his homework, he went to bed. 2021/6/311 注意： 注意：before, after 引导的时间状语从句引导的时间状语从句中，由于中，由于 before 和和 after 本身已表达了动作的本身已表达了动作的先后关系，若主、从句表示的动作紧密相连，则主、先后关系，若主、从句表示的动作紧密相连，则主、从句也可以都用一般过去时如：从句也可以都用一般过去时如： 你来这儿之前在哪儿学习？你来这儿之前在哪儿学习？Where did you study (had you studied) before you came here? 他关上门，离开了教室他关上门，离开了教室After he closed the door, he left the classroom. 2021/6/312 (3) 表示意向的动词，如表示意向的动词，如hope, wish, expect, think, intend, mean, suppose等，等，用过去完成时表示用过去完成时表示"原本原本…，未能，未能…"我们原本希望你会来，但你没来。
我们原本希望你会来，但你没来We had hoped that you would come, but you didn't.2021/6/313 3. 根据上、下文来判定根据上、下文来判定 昨天我在街上见到了王涛，自从他来到北京后昨天我在街上见到了王涛，自从他来到北京后我们还没见过面我们还没见过面I met Wang Tao in the street yesterday. We hadn't seen each other since he came to Beijing.2021/6/314 用所给动词的正确形式填空用所给动词的正确形式填空．．(10’/1)1.The poor girl never saw her grandpa because he ________________ (pass away) before she was born.2. She________ already___________ (clean) the blackboard before I entered the classroom.had passed awaycleanedhad2021/6/315 用所给动词的正确形式填空用所给动词的正确形式填空．．(10’/1)3. He_______________ (turn off) the lights before he left the classroom.4. _________ your parents _______(have) lunch when you arrived at home?had turned offHadhad2021/6/316 Today, I watched ‘Roman Holiday’ with my friends. Kitty was the first one to arrive at the cinema. When Millie and I _______ (arrive), Kitty ___________ (buy) the tickets already. Simon and Daniel came next. Before Simon and Daniel _______ (come), Millie and I ___________ (go) to get some drinks. Then all five of us waited for Amy outside the cinema. Before Amy_________ (arrive), we ___________ (finish) our drinks. When we _______ (enter) the cinema, the film_____ already _______ (start). Luckily, we didn’t miss much.arrivedhad finishedhad goneenteredarrivedhadstartedhad boughtcame2021/6/317 •Exercises:•翻译句子：翻译句子：•1. 到上个月底到上个月底,你看了多少部英文电影你看了多少部英文电影? •How many English films had you seen by the end of last month? •2. 今天上午十点钟前今天上午十点钟前,他已完成了这项工作。
他已完成了这项工作•He had finished the work before ten o’clock this morning. •3. 在我妈妈回来之前在我妈妈回来之前,我已经完成了作业我已经完成了作业•I had already finished my homework before my mother returned. 2021/6/318 •4. 我到运动场时我到运动场时,比赛已经开始了比赛已经开始了•The match had already begun when I got to the playground. •5. 八点钟八点钟,学生开始在田里劳动学生开始在田里劳动,这时雨已经停这时雨已经停止止,太阳出来了太阳出来了•The students started working in the fields at eight o’clock. The rain had stopped and the sun was shining. •6. 在我爸爸搬到这里之前在我爸爸搬到这里之前,他已在学校工作五他已在学校工作五年了•My father had worked in the school for five years before he moved here. 2021/6/319 •7. 昨天我看到了昨天我看到了David。
自离开学校以来自离开学校以来,我们我们都没有见过面都没有见过面•I saw David yesterday. We had not seen each other since we left school. •8. 到六月底他们已经治疗了一万多病人到六月底他们已经治疗了一万多病人•By the end of June they had treated over 10,000 patients. •9. 他在部队干了十年，去年退役了他在部队干了十年，去年退役了•He had served in the army for ten years before he retired last year. 2021/6/320 •10. 他告诉我他从小就认识她他告诉我他从小就认识她•He told me that he had known her since he was a child. •11. 汤姆乘飞机回家，他的父亲却已经去世了汤姆乘飞机回家，他的父亲却已经去世了•Tom flew home, but his father had already died. •12. 我本来希望昨晚回来的，但没搭上火车。
我本来希望昨晚回来的，但没搭上火车•I had hoped to be back last night, but I didn’t catch the train. 2021/6/321 •13. 我们本想早回来的，但他们不让我们走我们本想早回来的，但他们不让我们走 •We had thought to return early but they wouldn’t let us go. •14. 我原以为我以前见过他我原以为我以前见过他•I thought I had seen him before. •15.到他到来时，那人已经离开了到他到来时，那人已经离开了•By the time he arrived, the man had already left.2021/6/322 综合时态填空：1. We ____________ ( learn ) 2000 English words since we came to this school. The teacher said we _____________ ( learn ) 2000 English words since then. We ____________ ( learn ) 500 words last term. We ______________ ( learn ) 2000 words by the end of last term.2. He ________________( have ) a meeting next week. He ________________ ( have ) a meeting two weeks ago. He told me he _______________ ( have ) a meeting two weeks before.3.________ you ________ ( be ) to the Great Wall? The teacher asked if you _________________ ( be ) to the Great Wall?have learnedhad learnedlearnedhad learnedwill havehadhad hadHave beenhad been2021/6/323 4. I ________________ ( finish ) my homework when my father got home yesterday. I ____________ ( finish ) my homework at 10 last night.5. The film __________ ( begin ) when I got to the cinema. The film _______________ ( be ) on for 10 minutes when I got to the cinema.6. My brother ______________ ( study ) in this school for three years before he joined the army.7. He locked the door after he _______________ ( clean ) the classroom.8. A: ______he ________ ( do ) his homework when you ________ ( get ) home yesterday? B: No, he ________ already ________ ( do ) it when I got home.had finishedfinishedhad begunhad beenhad studiedcleanedWas doing gothad done2021/6/324 部分资料从网络收集整理而来，供大家参考，感谢您的关注！ 。