The-functions-of-The-functions-of-languagelanguage Constitutive factors of a speech event Context （语境） Addresser Message Addressee （信息） （发话人） Contact （受话人） （接触） Code （语码） The addresser gives a message to the addressee.The message requires a context known to both two sides.A code, fully or partially common to both sides.Contact, a physical channel and psychological connection between both two sides. A corresponding scheme of functions Referential （所指功能） Emotive Poetic conative （情感功能） （诗学功能） （意动功能） Phatic （寒暄功能） Metalingual （元语言功能） 语境（所指功能） 说话者（情感功能） 信息（诗学功能） 受话者（意动功能） （如表示气愤的语调） （ 如诗歌 ） （如祈使和呼语） 接触（交感功能） （如“早上好”！） 语码（元语言功能） （如“嘿，听到吗？”） Referential function: to convey message and information e.g. What’s this? It’s a photo. Poetic function: to indulge in language for its own sake e.g. Little Bo-peep Has lost her sheep And doesn’t know where to find them Leave them alone And they will come home Waggling their tails behind them Emotive function: to express attitudes, feelings and emotions.e.g. How could you behave in that way! It’s disgusting！Conative function: to persuade and influence others through commands and requests.e.g. Close the door.Phatic function: to establish and maintain relationship with others.e.g. Mr. P sneezes violently. Mr. Q: God bless you. Mr. P: Thank you.Metalingual function: to clear up intentions and meanings.e.g. Hello! Do you hear me? I don’t follow you. What do you mean? What is language? –Language is a means of verbal communication. Let's start at the very beginninga very good place to startwhen you read you begin with A-B-Cwhen you sing you begin with do-re-miDo-re-miDo-re-mi,the first three notes just happen to be Do-re-miDo-re-miDo-re-miDo-re-mi-fa- so-la-tiLet's see if I can make it easier Doe, a deer, a female deer Ray, a drop of golden sun Me, a name I call myself Far, a long long way to run Sew, a needle pulling thread La, a note to follow sew Tea, a drink with jam and bread That will bring us to Do Now, children,do-re-mi-fa-so and so on are only the tools we used to build a song. Like this: so-do-la-fa-mi-do-re, can you do that? Now put it all together! Good! But it doesn't mean anything. So we put in words, one word for every note, like this: When you konw the notes to sing, You can sing most anything. Together! THANKS 结束结束 。