.             过去式和过去分词的构成方法一.分规则变化和不规则变化两种不规则变化需逐个记忆,规则变化遵循以下原则: (1) 一般情况下,在动词后加ed构成:work--worked, stay--stayed, shout—shouted,learn—learned, look--looked等 (2) 在以-e结尾动词后只加d:close--closed, like--liked, live--lived, smile—smiled,等 (3) 以辅音字母加y结尾的动词,应将y改为i 再加-ed:study--studied, carry—carried等 (4) 以重读闭音节或r音节结尾且末尾只有一个辅音字母动词,要双写末尾的辅音字母再加-ed:stop--stopped, admit--admitted, refer-- referred, prefer--preferred等 [注](1) 以字母l结尾的动词,若末尾一个音节为重读音节,则必须双写l再加-ed,如control --controlled,但若末尾一个音节为非重读音节,则可双写l(英国英语)或不双写l(美国英语),如travel—traveled/travelled。
  
                             (2) 动词picnic(野餐)的过去式和过去分词是picnicked,不是picniced (3) 词尾-ed 读音规则是:在清辅音后读作[t],元音和浊辅音后读作[d],在辅音[t]或[d]后读作[id] 不规则动词 A-A-A型现在式、过去式和过去分词同形,保持不变,除进行式外 词例:    动词原形过去式过去分词意思costcostcost花费cutcutcut割,切hithithit打putputput放下readreadread读hurthurthurt受伤letletlet让“Read” 的“过去式”和“过去分词”的读音和动词原型的不同 A-A-B型现在式和过去式同形 词例:动词原型过去式过去分词意思beatbeatbeaten打A-B-A型现在式和过去分词同形 词例:动词原形过去式过去分词意思comecamecome来到becomebecamebecome变runranrun跑overcomeovercameovercome征服,打败A-B-B型过去式与过去分词同形 分为以下情形: ① 在动词原形后加一个辅音字母d或t词例:动词原形过去式过去分词意思burnburntburnt燃烧learnlearned / learntlearned / learnt学习meanmeantmeant含义hearheardheard听见② 把动词原形的最后一个辅音字母“d”改为“t”。
  
                            词例: 动词原形过去式过去分词意思buildbuiltbuilt建筑lendlentlent借sendsentsent传送spendspentspent花费③ 其他不规则的各种变化词例:动词原形过去式过去分词意思动词原形过去式过去分词意思paypaidpaid付钱laylaidlaid下蛋say saidsaid说bringbroughtbrought带来buyboughtbought买fightfoughtfought战斗thinkthoughtthought思考sleepsleptslept睡觉feelfeltfelt感觉keepkeptkept保持sweepsweptswept扫standstoodstood站understandunderstoodunderstood理解winwonwon胜利catchcaughtcaught抓住teachtaughttaught教findfoundfound发现getgotgot得到holdheldheld握leaveleftleft离开makemademade制造meetmetmet遇见shootshotshot射击digdugdug挖smellsmelt / smelledsmelt / smelled嗅,闻shineshone / shinedshone /shined发光sitsatsat坐下havehadhad有A-B-C型三词不同形 分为以下情形: ① 在动词原形后加-n或-en 构成过去分词 。
  
                            动词原形过去式过去分词意思动词原形过去式过去分词意思eatateeaten吃 fallfellfallen落下givegavegiven给taketook taken拿,记seesawseen看见writewrotewritten写 rideroderidden骑drivedrovedriven驾驶 throwthrewthrown抛,扔blowblew blown吹growgrewgrown生长know knewknown知道showshowedshown展示drawdrewdrawn拉,绘画,抽签② 过去式加-n或-en构成过去分词动词原形过去式过去分词意思speakspokespoken说话breakbrokebroken破碎choosechosechosen选择forgetforgotforgotten忘记freezefrozefrozen凝固③ 把单词在重读音节中的元音字母“i”变成“a”(过去式)和“u”(过去分词)动词原形过去式过去分词意思beginbeganbegun开始ringrangrung按铃singsangsung唱sinksanksunk沉swimswamswum游泳drinkdrankdrunk喝④ 其他不规则动词的变化。
  
                             动词原形过去式过去分词意思be (am, is)was been是be (are)werebeen是dodiddone做gowentgone去lielaylain躺wearworeworn穿7 / 7。