卡斯特桥市长 托马斯·哈代 1. 作者介绍： 哈代（Thomas Hardy 1840.6.2～1928.1.12）英国诗人、小说家他是横跨两个世纪 的作家，早期和中期的创作以小说为主，继承和发扬了维多利亚时代的文学传统；晚年以 其出色的诗歌开拓了英国20世纪的文学 哈代的文学生涯开始于诗歌，后因无缘发表，改事小说创作哈代一生共发表了近20 部长篇小说，其中最著名的当推《德伯家的苔丝》 、 《无名的裘德》 、 《还乡》和《卡斯特桥 市长》 诗8集，共918首，此外，还有许多以“威塞克斯故事”为总名的中短篇小说，以 及长篇史诗剧《列王》 2. 写作背景及主题思想 他生于英国西南部的一个小村庄，毗邻多塞特郡大荒原，这里的自然环境日后成了哈 代作品的主要背景哈代的作品反映了资本主义侵入英国农村城镇后所引起的社会经济、 政治、道德、风俗等方面的深刻变化以及人民（尤其是妇女）的悲惨命运，揭露了资产阶 级道德、法律和宗教的虚伪性他的作品承上启下，既继承了英国批判现实主义的优秀传 统，也为20世纪的英国文学开拓了道路 3. 故事情节介绍 《卡斯特桥市长》是托马斯·哈代1886年写成的一部重要小说故事发生在19世纪 的英国，小说中的主人公——亨查德勤奋努力，发家致富，从一个无名小子爬到市长的宝 座，最终因性格的弱点而受到命运的捉弄，最终在贫困孤独中凄惨地死去。
迈克尔·亨查德年轻时是个打草工，为人正直、善良在一次喝醉酒时，以区区五几 尼的价钱，就把他的妻子和女儿卖给了一个水手——纽森酒醒后，他幡然悔悟，发下重 誓，接下来的二十年绝对滴酒不沾后来，通过努力工作，他生意亨通，受人尊敬，还当 上卡斯特桥市长 十八年后，当他决定要娶他的情人露西塔时，他的前妻出现了他前妻以为她的水手 丈夫葬身大海了，便带了她的女儿——伊丽莎白·简来找亨查德于是，他又与前妻重归 于好亨查德却由于对生意合伙人法尔弗雷的嫉妒、排挤，加之他生性倔强执拗，结果生 意失败，并失去市长的公职 结婚后不久前妻去世了，他从妻子给他留下的信中发现他的女儿伊丽莎白并不是他的 亲生女儿，自己的女儿早就死了他为此感到非常烦恼，开始冷落伊丽莎白她只好搬出 去和亨查德的旧情人露西塔同住 本来打算与亨查德结婚的露西塔后来与法尔弗雷相爱并嫁给了他法尔弗雷成了亨查 德生意和爱情上的竞争对手破产和羞辱使他陷入狼狈的境地，而且他有伤风化的卖妻行 为也开始流传歼来落魄不堪的他靠给法尔弗雷干活来养活自己伊丽莎白成了他惟一的 慰藉可好景不长，纽森回来并与女儿伊丽莎白相认在伊丽莎白与法尔弗雷的婚礼上， 他受到了冷遇。
于是他黯然离开了卡斯特桥市，在孤独中悲惨地离开人世4.自己喜欢的句子： Chapter1. He wore a short jacket of brown corduroy, newer than the remainder of his suit, which was a fustian waistcoat with white horn buttons, breeches of the same, tanned leggings, and a straw hat overlaid with black glazed canvas. He rose and walked to the entrance with the careful tread of one conscious of his alcoholic load. No other than such relationship would have accounted for the atmosphere of stale. The same dust as it lay on the road deadening their footfalls like a carpet. He asked phlegmatically, designating the village in his van by a wave of the broadsheet. Chapter2. The morning sun was streaming through the crevices of the canvas when the man awoke. A confused picture of the events of the previous evening seemed to come back to him, and he thrust his hand into his breast-pocket. A rustling revealed the sailor's bank- notes thrust carelessly in. Among the odds and ends he discerned a little shining object, and picked it up. This seemed to accord with his desire. Weeks counted up to months, and still he searched on, maintaining himself by small jobs of work in the intervals. Trees had put on as of yore their aspect of dingy green. A glance was sufficient to inform the eye that this was Susan Henchard's grown-up daughter. Having sufficiently rested they proceeded on their way at evenfall. Chapter3. The walked with joined hands, and it could be perceived that this was the act of simple affection. Her customer smiled bitterly at this survival of the old trick, and shook her head with a meaning the old woman was far from translating. Chapter4. To the liege subjects of Labour, the England of those days was a continent, and a mile a geographical degree. It was on a Friday evening, near the middle of September, and just before dusk, that they reached the summit of a hill within a mile of the place they sought. There were highbanked hedges to the coach-road here, and they mounted upon the green turf within, and sat down. The spot commanded a full view of the town and its environs. Chapter5. That laugh was not encouraging to strangers, and hence it may have been well that it was rarely heard. There was temper under the thin bland surface--the temper which, artificially intensified, had banished a wife nearly a score of years before. The interruption was sufficient to compel the Mayor to notice it. Chapter6. Men were putting their heads together in twos and threes, telling good stories, with pantomimic laughter which reached convulsive grimace. Chapter7. The tremors in Susan Henchard's tone might have led any person but one so perfectly unsuspicious of the truth as the girl was, to surmise some closer connection than the admitted simple kinship as a means of accounting for them. Chapter8 Behind their backs was a small window, with a wheel ventilator in one of the panes, which would suddenly start off spinning with a jingling sound, as suddenly stop, and as suddenly start again. Chapter9 It was about ten o'clock, and market-day, when Elizabeth paced up the High Street, in no great hurry, for to herself her position was only that of a poor relation deputed to hunt up a rich one. The front doors of the private houses were mostly left open at this warm autumn time, no thought of umbrella stealers disturbing the minds of the placid burgesses. Chapter12. Can it be that it will go off so easily!“ he said. “Poor thing--God knows! Now then, to make amends to Susan!“Chapter44. The bright autumn sun shining into his eyes across the stubble awoke him the next morning early. Chapter45. On it there was pencilled as follows. But it was by no means easy to set about discovering Henchard. His face showed marks of deep sadness, his eyes lighting on them with an unfocused gaze.5. 哈代的悲剧观的形成有以下两点原因（来自于有关专家的评论） （一）社会影响。
哈代生活在一个过度时期，当时英国社会正在经历由自由资本主义向垄断主义蜕变的 过程。