名词性从句定语从句(Noun Clause)(Attributive Clause) 一、名词性从句1、分类l语法功能： 主语、宾语、表语、同位语从句l 连接词：ü that从句ü wh-从句（who/whom/whose/where…) (1).引导主语从句①①、置于句首，不能省略、置于句首，不能省略 That he is still alive is sheer luck.②②、置于句末，通常用、置于句末，通常用it 作先行词作先行词 It isn’t surprising that you have failed your exam.Ø 如果以如果以that从句为主语的句子是疑问句，只能用从句为主语的句子是疑问句，只能用it作形式主语结构作形式主语结构 Is it possible that he would run a company. (2).引导宾语从句 ①①、较短的句子，可省从句太长，不宜省两个及两个以上、较短的句子，可省从句太长，不宜省两个及两个以上 从句同时作宾语时，最后一个从句同时作宾语时，最后一个that不能省不能省 She admitted (that) you had known her before, and that you had sent a gift to her. ②②、、that 从句可跟在形式宾语从句可跟在形式宾语it 之后作介词的实际宾语之后作介词的实际宾语 I’m looking forward it that he will forgive me. ③③、固定搭配：、固定搭配：in that 因为因为 except that 除了除了 save that 除了除了 besides that 除了除了 but that 要不是要不是 He hates her in that she is noisy.④④、、that 从句从句 双宾语结构动词双宾语结构动词• advice、、ask、、assure、、promise、、question、、warm可省间接宾语可省间接宾语 He asked (us) that we should pay the bill.• tell、、inform、、remind、、show、、teach 不能省间接宾语不能省间接宾语 He told us that we should pay the bill. ⑤⑤、当主句谓语动词为、当主句谓语动词为assume、、believe、、expect、、guess、、imagine、、suppose、、think等表示等表示“认为认为”、、“猜想猜想”的动词时，否定主句往往是的动词时，否定主句往往是否定去宾语从句的意义否定去宾语从句的意义 I didn’t expect that he came.Ø此类动词主语为此类动词主语为I 第一人称时，变反义疑问句应变宾语从句中的谓语动第一人称时，变反义疑问句应变宾语从句中的谓语动词词 I don’t expect that he understands it, does he?Ø而其他人称则变主句中的谓语动词而其他人称则变主句中的谓语动词 He said that she wasn’t a good singer, didn’t he? ⑥⑥、在、在doubt、、doubtful引导的宾语从句中，主句为肯定句，连接词则引导的宾语从句中，主句为肯定句，连接词则用用whether、、if; 主句为否定句或疑问句，则用主句为否定句或疑问句，则用that I doubt whether he will believe me. I don’t doubt that he will believe me. (3).引导表语从句 What he said is that he won’t come here again.Ø当主语为当主语为reason时，表语从句要用时，表语从句要用that引导，引导， 不要误用不要误用because The reason why I came here was that I wanted to apologize to you. (4).引导同位语从句 that从句作同位语时，是具体说明与之同位名词的从句作同位语时，是具体说明与之同位名词的 实际内容实际内容 The fact that he won’t come let me down.Ø 有时同位语从句会被个别词分开有时同位语从句会被个别词分开 The fact came to me that he won’t come here.Ø 同位语从句与定语从句的区别在于：前者的连接词同位语从句与定语从句的区别在于：前者的连接词 不充当成分，而后者一定要充当不充当成分，而后者一定要充当 He told us the news that he would come here.(同同) He told us the news that he got from the newspaper.(定定) ØThat从句与从句与wh引导的名词性从句区别在于引导的名词性从句区别在于: that不作成分，而不作成分，而wh连词要作一定成分连词要作一定成分 What is most important in life isn’t mony. (what引导主语从句，并在从句中充当主语引导主语从句，并在从句中充当主语) We could see the runners very well from where we stood. (where引导宾语从句，并在从句中作地点状语引导宾语从句，并在从句中作地点状语) 二、定语从句1、定义 是指在复合句中修饰n或代词的从句。
被 修饰n为先行词，由关系代词和关系副词 引出l 关系代词 who、whom、whose、which、that等l 关系副词 when、where、why等 2、一般的that引导的定语从句(1).that可指人或物，代替可指人或物，代替who、、whom、、which等在从句中作主语或谓等在从句中作主语或谓语动词的宾语语动词的宾语 The man that/who is looking at me is bad. The man that/whom you talked about is bad.(2).that作关系副词时，常代替作关系副词时，常代替when、、where、、why等，通常可以省略等，通常可以省略 We will seek a fine day (that) we’ll go hiking. (代替代替when)Ø当先行词为当先行词为the way时，不用时，不用how引导，而用引导，而用that、、in which，或省，或省略略 It’s the way (that/in which) I like. 3、只能由that引导的定语从句(1).先行词为人与物先行词为人与物 I saw the woman and her pet that were playing together.(2).先行词有序数词或最高级修饰先行词有序数词或最高级修饰 He was the first one that came here. He is the most stupid guy that I have ever seen.(3).先行词前有先行词前有the only、、the last、、very、、the same、、all与与 no、、 any、、every等组成的复合词时等组成的复合词时 There is nothing that you can do for me. (4).以疑问词（以疑问词（who、、which、、what）开头的疑问句中，为避免重复，用）开头的疑问句中，为避免重复，用that代替代替 Who is the girl that has long curly hair?(5).当定语从句为当定语从句为There be句型是，只能用句型是，只能用that，但可以省略，但可以省略 He knows the difference (that) there is between you.(6).It is …that句型中，表示强调句型中，表示强调 It is this book that I was looking for.Ø当先行词为人时，可用当先行词为人时，可用who It is you who/that are to blame. Ø关系代词关系代词that和关系副词和关系副词why都不能引导非限制性定语从句都不能引导非限制性定语从句l限制性定语从句是先行词不可缺少的部分，去掉句子意思不明确限制性定语从句是先行词不可缺少的部分，去掉句子意思不明确 He is the man who I met yesterday.l非限制性定语从句是先行词的补充说明，去掉了不影响主句意思，通非限制性定语从句是先行词的补充说明，去掉了不影响主句意思，通常与主句有逗号隔开常与主句有逗号隔开 I am going to spent my holiday in Suzhou, where I have been dreaming for a long time. 。