1102 Group 4转喻法转喻法 (Metonymy)提喻法提喻法 (Synecdoche) ContentsDefinition2Metonymy3Synecdoche4Comparison5Introduction 1 Introduction•Literal Language•Figurative Language (Trope修辞，比喻)①Simile②Metaphor③Metonymy④Synecdoche Definition of Metonymy•Metonymy is a figure of speech has to do with the substitution of the name of one thing for that of another.•转喻是在提及事物时不用其本身的名字称转喻是在提及事物时不用其本身的名字称呼而是用与它密切相连的概念来替代它的呼而是用与它密切相连的概念来替代它的一种一种 英语修辞格英语修辞格•它着重的是事物本身的特点或它与其他事它着重的是事物本身的特点或它与其他事 物之间的特殊关系物之间的特殊关系 ( 1 ) 以事物的特征以事物的特征代替事物、人本身。
代替事物、人本身 2 ) 以工具代替动以工具代替动作或行为者作或行为者( 3 ) 以人或物代特以人或物代特征征( 4 ) 以事物活动的以事物活动的场所代替事物或活场所代替事物或活动者动者( 5 ) 以某物的产地以某物的产地代替该物代替该物( 6 ) 以作者或生产以作者或生产者代替作品或产品者代替作品或产品( 7 ) 以容器代替其以容器代替其中内容中内容. 用法Metonymy 转喻转喻 Metonymy(转喻）( 1 ) 以事物的特征代替事物、人本身以事物的特征代替事物、人本身 Gray hair should be respected. No cross, no crown. ( A proverb ) Metonymy(转喻）( 2 ) 以工具代替动作或行为者以工具代替动作或行为者He was raised to the bench. His pen sways over half of the civilized world. Metonymy(转喻）( 3 ) 以人或物代特征以人或物代特征There is much of the schoolboy in him.The wolf and the pig mingled together in his face. Metonymy(转喻）( 4 ) 以事物活动的场所代替事物或活动者以事物活动的场所代替事物或活动者The White House (白宫白宫) → the President or Executive branch of the US governmentCapitol Hill (国会山国会山) → the legislative branch of the U. S. governmentWall Street (华尔街华尔街) → U. S. Financial circles Metonymy(转喻）( 5 ) 以某物的产地代替该物以某物的产地代替该物Would you care for a cup of Longjing? Maotai Scotch （（ whisky威士忌）威士忌） Metonymy(转喻）( 6 ) 以作者或生产者代替作品或产品以作者或生产者代替作品或产品Our Sony worked well. We drove a Ford to Hyde Park. Metonymy(转喻）( 7 ) 以容器代替其中内容以容器代替其中内容He is fond of the bottle. 他喜欢喝酒。
他喜欢喝酒What dishes would you like? 您要什么莱您要什么莱?The kettle is boiling. 壶壶(水水)开了He is in his cups again. 他又喝醉了他又喝醉了 ExerciseHe set the room roaring with laughter. 他使全屋子他使全屋子爆发出笑声爆发出笑声The coat would be beyond his miserable pocket. 他的钱少得可怜，他的钱少得可怜，买不起那件大衣买不起那件大衣Whenever my husband has a bad day at the office, he hits the bottle.每当我丈夫在办公室不顺心，每当我丈夫在办公室不顺心，他就喝得酩酊大醉他就喝得酩酊大醉 Metonymy(转喻）( 8 ) 以具体事物代替抽象事物以具体事物代替抽象事物He lives by the pen. He is too fond of the bottleI found the patriot in him. Don’t act／／play the fool. Play the man! Metonymy(转喻）( 9 ) 以抽象事物代替具体事物以抽象事物代替具体事物In the present instance, it was sickness and poverty together that she came to visit. ( Jane Austen )It is a pity that there is more ignorance than knowledge in the country. Metonymy(转喻）( 10 ) 以以“颜色词颜色词+名词名词”构成的名词来构成的名词来替代意义上与之有关的名词替代意义上与之有关的名词He is the black sheep in the family. He has a yellow streak. He might be the dark horse in the swimming contest. •Synecdoche大体上可分为大体上可分为6类：类：•以部分代全体以部分代全体•以全体代部分以全体代部分•以一种事物代替一类事物以一种事物代替一类事物•用一类事物代替一种事物用一类事物代替一种事物•用原材料代替其制品用原材料代替其制品•以个体代替一类以个体代替一类 Synecdoche（提喻 ）1、、以部分代全体以部分代全体They were short of hands at harvest time.No eye saw him, but a second later every ear heard a gunshot. The poor man had six mouths to feed Synecdoche（提喻 ）2、以全体代部分、以全体代部分England won the football game.The birds sang to welcome the smiling year. He has gained a footing in the musical world. Synecdoche（提喻 ）（（3）） 以属代替种以属代替种 Spring vanishes with the rose.It will cost you a pretty penny Synecdoche（提喻 ）4）） 以种代替属以种代替属What a lovely creature! Synecdoche（提喻 ）（（5）） 以具体代抽象以具体代抽象He earned his bread as a teacher.The wolf and the pig mingled together in his face. Synecdoche（提喻 ）（（6）） 以抽象代具体以抽象代具体All the wit and learning of the world were assembled there.It was sickness and poverty together that she came to visit. 转喻（转喻（metonymy）与提喻）与提喻(synecdoche)的比较的比较metonymy 是利用人体部位指代是利用人体部位指代其功能或特点其功能或特点例1：Her heart ruled her head.她的感情控制了理智她的感情控制了理智synecdoche则是利用人体部位指代整则是利用人体部位指代整体体例2：No eye saw him, but a second later every ear heard a gunshot没有人看见他，可是，一没有人看见他，可是，一秒钟以后每个人都听到一秒钟以后每个人都听到一声枪响。
人体部位指代人声枪响人体部位指代人 转喻（转喻（metonymy）与提喻）与提喻(synecdoche)的比较的比较 metonymy We are all ears. 我们洗耳恭听我们洗耳恭听synecdocheTwo heads are better than one.两个脑袋总比一个脑两个脑袋总比一个脑袋强 •例5：He has an old head on young shoulders.他年轻而有见识•Head 是人体部位，前面加了形容词old后，产生一种联想意义，即“有见识的”；shoulders也是人体部位，前面加了形容词young 后，产生一种象征意义，即“年轻人”该句没有用人体部位指代整体，而是用人体部位指代其特点，故修辞手法是转喻 Thanks1102Group4 。