学案 2 Grammar ( Page18, 20, 21) adverbial clauses with –ing （动词的-ing形式做状语） Learning aims: 1.掌握V-ing形式作状语的基本用法 1）V-ing作状语=相应的状语从句 2）连词/介词+Ving的结构 2.掌握V-ing的否定形式，被动形式及完成式 3.了解V-ing形式的独立主格结构课前预习一、. Analyze the function of v-ing form in each sentence. 1.Seeing is believing. V-ing形式作_______2.I suggested asking his brother for some money. V-ing形式作_______3.China is a developing country. V-ing形式作_______4.Who is the man talking with your English teacher? V-ing形式作_______5.He found himself standing under a row of trees. V-ing形式作_______6.Will,still watching, saw the cat behave curiously . V-ing形式作_______7.Turning around, she saw a car driving up. V-ing形式作_______归纳：V-ing在句中可作____ ____ _____ _____ _____ _____ . 动词的-ing形式作状语，用来进一步说明谓语动词的动作或者说明整个句子所表达的概念，其逻辑主语应与主句的主语一致，即分词的动作必须和句中的主语含有逻辑上的主谓关系，否则不能使用v-ing作状语。
在意义上可表示时间、原因、方式、伴随、条件、结果、让步等，这时它相当于一个状语从句它的位置比较灵活，可以置于句首、句中或句末，有时用逗号分开，有时也不用课堂内容一. v.-ing作状语的用法1.用作时间状语，相当于when while 引导的从句 （1）Hearing the news, they jumped with great joy. (=When they heard the news, they jumped with great joy.) while working in the factory, I learnt a lot from the workers.(=While __________________________ , I learnt a lot from the workers.) （2）注：a)为强调与谓语的动作同时发生，在ving 前可用连词 when ,while 等为强调与谓语动作之 前或之后发生，在ving 前可用连词before 或after eg: Be careful when crossing the road. Before going abroad , he studied in Peking university. After watching TV, he went to bed . b) 在ving 可用介词on 表 “一……就 ” eg: On arriving in Bei Jing, he went to see his uncle. 2. 用作原因状语,相当于as, since, because引导的从句。
Being poor(=________________), she didn’t want to buy the coat she liked.因为穷，她不想买那件喜欢的外套Not knowing the way (=_____________), she asked a policeman .注：“现在分词being+名词（形容词）”位于句首，通常是作原因状语不可以把它用作时间状语 Being a senior middle school student, he must work hard.=________ he is a senior middle school student, he must work hard.3. 用作方式、伴随状语时不能用状语从句替换，但可以改成并列句She sat at the desk reading a newspaper(伴随).=She sat at the desk and read a newspaper.He sent me an e-mail, hoping to get further information.=________________________________________________4. 用作条件状语，相当于if, unless引导的从句。
Turning right at the crossing, you will see the post office. (=If you turn right at the crossing, you will see the post office.)Work hard, and you’ll succeed.(=_________________________________________)5. 表示结果（自然结果）,相当于so, so that等引导的从句His parents died, leaving the baby an orphan.The bus was held up by the snowstorm, thus causing the delay.(副词thus强调结果)= The bus was held up by the snowstorm, so that __________________ .注：a)不定式也可以作结果状语，但表示出乎意料的结果如： eg: He hurried to the post office, only to find it was closed. b) 强调结果可在ving 前加副词thus eg: The bus held up by the snowstorm, thus causing the delay.6. 用作让步状语时相当于though, although等引导的从句Admitting what he said (=_______________), I still think he hasn’t tried his best.尽管我承认他的话，我还是认为他没有尽全力。
注：表示让步可在ving 前用though \ although.总结：（1）Ving作状语逻辑主语必须与主句的主语____,与主句的主语为______ 关系 （2）Ving 可作______________________________状语 （3）连词+ving 形式 when \while\ before \after +_______ （时间） 介词+ving 形式 on +_______（时间） 副词+ving 形式 thus+ _____ (结果）二. 动词-ing形式的否定式 __________Not knowing how to do it, he asked the teacher for advice.Not having finished my work, I am still doing it day and night.Not having been watered for a long time, the flower died.三、v.-ing的时态和语态主动语态被动语态ving一般式ving完成式 用所给词适当形式填空1）____(be) a student, he was interested in books .2）________ (finish) his homework ,the boy went out to play football.The large building ________(build) down the street will be a hospital.注：现在分词的完成式一般只作状语。
Eg: Having finished the work, I went home happily.四、独立成分(1) 有些分词短语可以作独立成分，用来解释这个句子，不受句子主语的限制常见分词短语有： generally speaking（一般说来）, supposing（假设）, judging from / by （从…判断）…Generally speaking, girls are more careful than boys.Supposing you lose, what will you do?Judging from his accent, he must be from the south.(2) ving作状语时，它的逻辑主语一般需与句子的主语一致但有时它也可以有自己独立的逻辑主语，这种结构称为独立主格结构独立主格结构通常用来表示伴随的动作或情况，有时还可以表示时间、原因或条件如：Night coming on(=When night came on), we started for home.如果天气允许的话，party将在花园被举办翻译：______________________________ 课堂练习 1.Rewrite the underlined part in each sentence, using ving 1)When she was cooking in the kitchen, she burnt her finger. 2)While he worked in the workshop, he made many friends there. 3)If you have another look, you will see the mistake in the sentence. 4)The witch leapt into the air and vanished. 2.Finish the par。