CA主要有机基名称HO—hydroxy羟基H N—2amino氨基HN=imino亚氨基N三C—cyano氰基O2N—nitro硝基ON—nitroso亚硝基F—fluoro氟代,氟基Cl—chloro氯代,氯基Br—bromo溴代,溴基I—iodo碘代,碘基O=oxo氧代—O—oxa氧杂oxy氧epoxy环氧C2H5O—ethoxy乙氧基S=thio硫代—S—thia硫杂/S、epithio环硫—SS—dithio二硫代,联硫基HO3S—sulfo磺基HO2S—sulfino亚磺基HOS—sulfeno次磺基—SO2—sulfonyl磺酰N3—azido叠氮基—N=N—azo偶氮基—N—aza氮杂N^N=diazo重氮基H2NNH—hydrazino联氨基H2NN=hydrazono亚联氨基—NHNH—hydrazo次联氨基,肼撑HON= hydroxyimino 肟 基讣儿H2C=CH2=CH—CH 三 C—C6H5——C6H4—C6H5CH2—CH3C6H4—C10H7—C14H9—CH3(CH2)10CH2—HOCH —2o—OHC—CH3CO—CH3COO—CH3CONH—H NOC—2C H CO—65C6H5CONH—C H COO—65C6H5SO2—HS—N 三 CS—C4H3O—C4H4N—C3H2NS—C5H4N—C9H6N—C5NH4—C=N—isocyano异氰基H NCONH—2—ureido脲基CH3NH—methylamino甲胺基C H NH—6 5 —phenylamino苯胺基HH2O3P—HOOC—aminoiminomethyl methylene ethenyl ethynyl phenyl phenylene phenylmethyl methylphenyl naphthyl anthracenyl dodecyl hydroxymethyl carbonyl formyl acetyl acetoxy acetylamino amido benzoyl benzoylamino benzoyloxy benzenesulfonyl thiohydroxy thiocyano furyl pyrrolyl thiazolyl pyrid(in)yl quinol(in)yl azinyltriazinyl benzimidazolylphosphono carboxy脒基亚甲基、甲撑 乙烯基 乙炔基 苯基 苯撑 苯甲基 甲苯基 萘基 蒽基 十二烷基 羟甲基 碳酰,羰基 甲酰基 乙酰基 乙酰氧基,乙酸基 乙酰胺基 酰胺基 苯甲酰基 苯甲酰胺基 苯甲酸基 苯磺酰基 氢硫基,巯基 氰硫基 呋喃基 吡咯基 噻唑基 吡啶基 喹啉基 氮杂苯基三氮杂苯基苯并咪唑基膦酰基 羧基化合物类的降序列次化合物类的序次结构式词尾或索引标题具有对称中心的复杂化合物对称中心的基团,化合物及原子(对称基因属羟胺和氨基酸类除外)(不包括对称的醚)自由基•某基名阳离子化合物+_ium (_onium)阴离子化合物母体化合物名过氧酸R—COOOH_peroxoic acid (_carboperoxoic acid)羧酸R—COOH_oic acid (_carboxylic acid)羧亚胺酸R—C(=NH)OH_carboximidic acid硫硒碲卤代酸酸磺酸R—SO3HR—SO2H_sulfonic acid亚磺酸_sulflnic acid次磺酸R—SOH_sulfenic acid膦酸R—POH,_phosphonic acid砷锑硅硼酸酰 卤R—CO_X X=halogenoyl(_carbonyl)fluoride chloride叠氮物,异氰酸(酯)等bromide iodide酰 胺r conh2amide腈2R C三Nnitrile (carbonitrile)醛R_CHO_al(_carboxaldehyde)_aldehyde*硫醛、硒醛、碲醛R_CHS_thialR CHSeselenal酮R_CO_R'_oneS (S6,Te)1 II_thione硫酮、硒酮、碲酮R-C-R'tellone醇及酚(同等)R_OH_ol(环烃优于非环烃) 硫醇、硒醇、碲醇R_SH_thiolR SeHselenol(氢)过氧化物R_OOH R OO R'_hydroperoxide peroxide, R R'胺r_nh2_amine亚 胺R NHimine含氮化合物R_N=NHhydrazine, RR_NHN=NH(杂环优于无环丿triazene, rR ONH.hydroxylamine, R碳化合物(7?” XT" 十 ~T^ X^T jPX、炔 烯2CxHy_yne, _ineene(碳环优于无环烃)烷ane注:( )内的词尾使用在链状无环的场合;*使用在习惯名称后cyclo—环 spiro—螺 iso一 异poly— 聚 ortho一 令 8 meta— 间 para一 对词尾原子数结尾词3irene4ete5ole6in(e)7epin(e)8ocin(e)9onin(e)10ecin(e)完全不饱和杂环有机化合物碳原子数的英汉对照表meth(a)—甲eicos(a)—二十eth(a)—乙heneicos(a)—二十一prop(a)—丙docos(a)—二十二but(a)—丁tricos(a)—二十三pent(a)—戊tetracos(a)—二十四hex(a)—己pentacos(a)—二十五hept(a)—庚oct(a)—辛triacont(a)—三十non(a)—壬hentriacont(a)—三十一dec(a)—癸dotriacont(a)—三十二hendec(a)—十一dodec(a)—十二tetracont(a)—四十tridec(a)—十三pentacont(a)—五十tetradec(a)—十四hexacont(a)—六十pentadec(a)—十五hexadec(a)—十六hect(a)—一百heptadec(a)—十七henhect(a)—一百零一octadec(a)—十八dict(a)—二百nonadec(a)—十九-acetal缩醇-ketene乙烯酮-acid酸-ketol乙酮醇-al醛-ketone甲酮alcohol醇-lactam内酰胺-aldehyde醛-lactone内酯-amide酰胺-mercaptan硫醇-amine胺-nitrile腈-ane烷-ol醇-anilide酰替苯胺-olane茂烷-ase酶-ole茂-borane硼烷-one酮-cain(e)卡因-onic acid酮酸,糖酸-carbinol甲醇-ose糖-carbonyl羰基-oside糖苷-diazonium重氮-oxide氧-diimide联亚胺-oxine肟-disulfide二硫-oyl酰-ene烯-peroxide过氧-enol烯醇-phenone酰苯-ester酯-phosphine膦-ether醚-sulfide硫-form仿-sulfinamide亚磺酰胺-genin配基-sufonamide磺酰胺-glycol二醇-sulfone砜-hydrazide酰肼-sulfoxide亚砜-hydrazine肼-thin质-hydrazone腙-thiol硫醇-hydrin醇-thione硫酮-ide酐-thiourea硫脲-imide酰亚胺-ulose醛糖-imine亚胺-urea脲-ine因-urethan(e)脲烷-irane丙环-uric acid尿酸-irene丙烯-xanthin黄质-iridine丙啶-yl基-itol糖醇-yne炔常见英汉对照有机词尾表。