单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,Definition,:A transferred epithet is,as its name implies,a figure of speech where an epithet(an adjective or descriptive phrase)is transferred from the one it should rightly modify to another to which it does not really belong.,Generally,the epithet is transferred from a person to a thing or idea.,Transferred Epithet,移就,Transferred Epithet,是英语中常用的一种修辞格,汉译“移就修饰”,亦称“转移修饰”,“移位修饰”或简称“移就”这种修辞格,一是把本来应该用来修饰甲事物性质或状态的词用来修饰了乙事物,转个弯来表示甲事物给人的感觉在现代英语中,最常见的是把本来用以修饰人的词组甩来修饰事物。
美国语言学者David Grambs在1990时给“移就”下的定义:为简洁或生动之目的,通过诸如将形容词修饰语移至一个出人预料的位置而使语句的两个成份错位或临时组合移就,从表面上 看,它似乎是“张冠李戴”,其实是“移花接木”移得好,可以使文章语言具有新鲜、简炼、生 动形象的特点例如:The big man crashed down on a protesting chair.,大个子一屁股坐了下来,椅子吱吱嘎嘎地作响,好像是在提出抗议.,Protesting 常用来修饰人的行为,现移用来修饰具体事物不宜译为“抗议的椅子”,意译的方式 更明确的传达原文的内涵,That was,a stupid place,to keep your money.,你真蠢,怎么把钱放在那种地方呢?,I buried my head under,the miserable sheet and rug,and cried like a child.,我一头扎进被单和毯子里面,像孩子一样伤心地哭了起来英语移就格的特征:转移形容词+中心语由于二者是一种临时的、违背语法逻辑常规的搭配,因此中心语只是形式上的被修饰语转移形容词本来应当修饰的对象才是它的逻辑被修饰语。
逻辑被修饰语有时存在于语境之中,有时存在于语境之外,甚至偶尔难以判断1.位置还原法,When Im having trouble with a story and think about giving up,or when I start to feel sorry for myself and think things should be easier for me,I roll a piece of paper into that cranky old machine,and type,word by,painful word,just the way mother did.,每当我写文章遇到困难想打退堂鼓时,或自叹不走运时,我就往那台破旧的打字机里卷一张纸,像妈妈当年那样,一个字一个字吃力地打着一位文化不高的母亲,为了谋生养家,历尽艰辛学会打字,最终自学成才当了记者,儿子以母亲为榜样,克服困难,努力奋斗Painful字面上修饰word,实际描述母亲当时的处境和心情Shehas,expensive tastes,in clothes.,她喜欢穿高档衣服在形式上是某一名词的修饰语,在语义上却是另一动词(非谓语动词)的修饰语。
其作用相当于一个状语,Americahas shown us too many desperately worried executives dropping into,early graves.,(J.B.Priesttley:The Future of the English),在美国,有多少走投无路的经理过早跌进了坟墓句中名词graves的修饰语early,它在语义上是修饰dropping的,其含义是:.dropping early into their gravesearly graves是作者运用transferred epithet的传神之笔,描绘了资本主义社会激烈竞争的残酷现实和结果I may do better than that,”I said with a,mysterious wink,.,“或许我做的比那更好,”我神秘地眨眨眼睛说mysterious虽在形式上修饰wink,但在语义上修饰said,即I said mysteriously with a wink.,2变换结构,An expensive failure can be made into an asset if youve learnt from it.,将作定语的expensive的转换成谓语,在增加“代价”二字.,失败的代价虽然昂贵,但是只要你能从中吸取教训,它就能化为一笔财富。