单击此处编辑母版标题样式,,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,,第二级,,第三级,,第四级,,第五级,,,精选ppt,*,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,,二级,,三级,,四级,,五级,,,,*,第,11,讲 动词的语态,1,,精选ppt,定义：,语态也是动词的一种形式，表示主语与,,谓语之间的关系英语有两种语态：,,主动语态,(active voice),,主动语态表示主语是谓语动作的执行者,，,,,被动语态,(passive voice),,被动语态则表示主语是谓语动作的承受者2,,精选ppt,构成：,,,,,被动动作执行者可以由介词,by,引出的短语表示语态是由助动词,be,加及物动词的过去分词构成，如果有必要强调动作的执行者，,,（助动词,be,随主语的人称、数、时态和语气的不同而变化3,,精选ppt,十种基本构成结构：,,1,.,一般现在时,,主动语态：,do,,,被动语态：,am/is/are done,,The classroom is cleaned by us every day.,,,2.,一般过去时,,主动语态：,did,,,被动语态：,was/were done,,The window was broken by my son.,,,,,,,_________,_________,4,,精选ppt,十种基本构成结构：,,3.,一般将来时 被动语态：,will/shall be done,,The work will be done immediately.,,,4.,一般过去将来时 被动语态：,would be done,,We told him that the classroom would be cleaned soon.,,,现在进行时被动语态：,am/is/are being done,,Are the babies being taken care of by this nurse.,,,,,,,,__________,_____________,______________,5,,精选ppt,,3.,一般将来时 被动语态：,will/shall be done,,The work will be done immediately.,,,4.,一般过去将来时 被动语态：,would be done,,We told him that the classroom would be cleaned soon.,,,现在进行时被动语态：,am/is/are being done,,Are the babies being taken care of by this nurse.,,,6.,过去进行时 被动语态：,was/were being done,,The teaching plan was being discussed at that time.,,,,__________,_____________,______________,_________________,6,,精选ppt,7.,现在完成时 被动语态：,has/have been done,,The radio has not been turned on yet.,,,,8.,过去完成时 被动语态：,had been done,,She told me that she had been dismissed by her boss.,,,将来完成时 被动语态：,will/shall have been done,,How many expressways will have been pleted by the end of next year.,,,10.,过去将来完成时 被动语态：,would have been done,,The headmaster,,said the article would have been translated by the end of next month.,,________________,_________________,_____________________,______________,______,7,,精选ppt,1,.,一般现在时：,You are ordered to do it.,,这样考过,,①,(,南京调研,)The temperature will fall sharply the day after tomorrow,，,when a snowstorm ________ to strike our area.,,A. expects,,B,．,has expected,,C,．,is expected D,．,will be expected,,解析：,句意：届时会有暴风雪。
be expected to,“,预计会做某事,”,答案：,C,8,,精选ppt,2,．,一般过去时,：,I was invited to the concert,.,,②(,北京,)The way the guests ________ in the hotel influenced their evaluation of the service.,,A,．,treated B,．,were treated,,C,．,would treat D,．,would be treated,,解析：,句意：客人们在旅馆中被招待的方式影响到对他们服务的评价此题考查时态语态根据题意，客人是被招待的，应排除,A,、,C,两项；,influenced,时间提示为一般过去时，故选,B,答案：,B,,9,,精选ppt,③(,湖南示范性中学联考,)After being discovered by Dutch explorers in 1606,，,the eastern half of Australia ________ by the British in 1770.,,A,．,was claimed B,．,claimed,,C,．,was claiming D,．,has been claimed,,解析：,由句意：自,1606,年被荷兰探险者发现之后，澳大利亚东半部分在,1770,年宣布为英国所有，知答案选,A,。
答案：,A,10,,精选ppt,3,．一般将来时：,The matter will be looked into tomorrow.,,这样考过,,④,(,皖西四校,)________ is known to us is that the 2012 Olympic Games ________ in London.,,A,．,What; will be held,,B,．,It; will hold,,C,．,As; is held D,．,Which; holds,,解析：,由句意知空中应填一个引导主语从句的连接词，并作句子的主语；由句中的时间,2012,年知表将来，且,Olympic Games,与,hold,之间为被动关系综上选,A,答案：,A,,,11,,精选ppt,⑤(,北京海淀区,)If your order is ready,，,the T,,shirt ________ to you as soon as possible.,,A,．,has delivered B,．,is delivered,,C,．,will deliver D,．,will be delivered,,解析：,主语是,T,,shirt,谓语动词，,deliver,应用被动，表示,T,,shirt,被送，排除,A,、,C,两项。
根据语境，如果你定了货，,T,,shirt,将会随时被送货故选,D,项答案：,D,12,,精选ppt,⑥(,北京宣武区,),—,A meeting ________ at 3 p,．,m.next Tuesday.,,—,Will you go there?,,A,．,has held B,．,has been held,,C,．,will be held D,．,will hold,,解析：,根据时间状语,next Tuesday,判断用将来式主语是,meeting,被举行因此选,C,项will be held,为将来时的被动式答案：,C,13,,精选ppt,4,．现在进行时：,The house is being built.,,这样考过,,⑦,(,四川,),—,Why don't we choose that road to save time?,,—,The bridge to it ________.,,A,．,has repaired B,．,is repaired,,C,．,is being repaired D,．,will be repaired,,解析：,句意：,——,为什么我们不选择走那条路以节省时间呢？,——,因为去那条路的桥正在修理中。
题目考查了现在进行时的被动语态作谓语桥与修理存在被动关系，而且根据句子语境要求采用进行时态答案：,C,,,14,,精选ppt,⑧(,湖南,)Would you please keep silent,？,The weather report ________ and I want to listen.,,A,．,is broadcast B,．,is being broadcast,,C,．,has been broadcast D,．,had been broadcast,,解析：,句意：请安静一下好吗？正广播天气预报呢，我想听听根据句意，该空考查的是现在进行时的被动语态答案：,B,15,,精选ppt,⑨(,江苏,),—,Hi,，,Torry,，,can I use your puter for a while this afternoon?,,—,Sorry.________.,,A,．,It's repaired B,．,It has been repaired,,C,．,It's being repaired D,．,It had been repaired,,解析：,句意：,——,嗨，,Torry,，今天下午我能用一会儿你的电脑吗？,——,真抱歉，电脑正在修理。
该句强调的是此时电脑正被维修，需用现在进行时的被动语态答案：,C,16,,精选ppt,5,．过去进行时：,When I called,，,tea was being served.,,⑩(,上海,)During the period of recent terrorist activities,，,people ________ not to touch any unattended bag.,,A,．,had always been warned,,B,．,were always being warned,,C,．,are always warning D,．,always warned,,解析：,句意：在最近恐怖活动期间，人们总是在被警告不要碰任何无人照看的包be always doing sth.,总是做某事，表达某种抱怨、不满或赞许的情绪人们是,“,被警告,”,，要用被动语态答案：,B,,17,,精选ppt,6,．现在完成时：,My bike has been repaired.,,这样考过,,⑪,(,全国,Ⅰ)His sister left home in 1998,，,and ________ since.,,A,．,had not been heard of,,,B,．,has not been heard of,,C,．,had not heard of,,D,．,has not heard of,,,答案：,B,,18,,精选ppt,7,．过去完成时：,When we went to the cinema,，,the film had been on for ten minutes.,,这样考过,,⑫,(,北京崇文区,)It was proven that the story of one witness ________.,,A,．,has been invented B,．,had been invented,,C,．,would be invented D,．,was invented,,解析：,此题考查时态，据证实,(It was proven that...),用过去的时态，故后面用过去完成式,(,已经被编造出来,),。
答案：,B,19,,精选ppt,⑬(,皖南八校联考,)This Monday morning I was informed I ________ as one of three exchange students from our college.,,A,．,had been choosing B,．,was chosen,,C,．,had been chosen D,．,was choosing,,解析：,过去的过去应用过去完成时的被动语态答案：,C,20,,精选ppt,8,．过去将来时：,He said that the teaching building would be built next month.,,这样考过,,⑭,(2006,·,湖南,)In a room above the store,，,where a party _______,，,some workers were busily setting the table.,,A,．,was to be held B,．,has been held,,C,．,will be held D,．,is being held,解析：,由,some workers were busily setting the table,，可知会议要被召开，同时时态为过去时，故选,A,。
答案：,A,,21,,精选ppt,9,．将来完成时：,They will have finished the work ahead of time when we decide to see them.,,这样考过,,⑮,(,青岛质检,),—,Have you finished your essay?,,—,Half ________ when you e back.,,A,．,has been done B,．,is done,,C,．,be done D,．,will have been done,解析,：,考查动词时态和语态辨析when,引导的时间状语从句中用一般现在时代替一般将来时，所以主句表示将来的动作，且表示,“,等回来的时候一半的工作将已经完成,”,答案：,D,22,,精选ppt,10,．含有情态动词的被动语态：情态动词＋,be,＋动词的过去分词,,These books must be returned in three days.,23,,精选ppt,这样考过,,⑯,(,北京宣武区,)At minus 130,℃,，,a living cell can ________ for a thousand years.,,A,．,preserve B,．,be preserved,,C,．,be preserving D,．,have been preserved,,解析：,考查情态动词用法。
can,后面接动词原形，同时应注意被动语态句意为：在零下,130,℃,时，活细胞可以存活一千年答案：,B,24,,精选ppt,被动语态的其他构成一：,,“,get+,过去分词”结构,,这种结构多用在口语中，强调动作的结果The boy got hurt when he was riding to school. Did your letter get answered,你收到回信了吗？,,,,注意,：,,用“,get+,过去分词”结构时，其后的动作执行者（即,by,短语）一般不表示出来As I passed by, my skirt got caught on a nail.,我经过的时候，我的裙子被钉子挂住了25,,精选ppt,这样考过,,,(,北京东城区,),—,Do you know how much a babysitter ________ for an hour?,,—,Well,，,it depends.,,A,．,pays B,．,gets paid,,C,．,being paid D,．,paid,,解析：,根据句意,“,你知道一个保姆一小时挣多少钱吗,”,可知答案为,B,。
答案：,B,26,,精选ppt,被动语态的其他构成二：,,“,seem,、,appear +,过去分词”也可以构成被动语态The house appears deserted.,,注意：,,并不是所有的“,be+,过去分词”结构中的,be,都能被,get,或,seem, appear,等词代替误,】She got born in a small village.,,【,正,】She,was born,in a small village.,,【,误,】The old man got offered a large sum of money.,,【,正,】The old man,was offered,a large sum of money.,,【,误,】Colin got caught cheating in the exam.,,【,正,】Colin,were caught,cheating in the exam.,27,,精选ppt,动词被动语态中所用介词的注意：,,一、,动作执行者可以由介词,by,引出的短语表示，但被动语态句子中的,by,短语并不总是表示动作执行者,1.A policeman is known,by,the clothes he wears.,（,by,表示方式）,,,2. He was much flattered,by,her asking him to dinner.,（,by,表示原因）,,,3.The snow was piled high,by,the gate.,门口雪堆积得很高。
by,表示地点）,,,,,,28,,精选ppt,动词被动语态中所用介词的注意：,,二、被动语态中常用的介词,,1,．,by,表示动作的执行者或施加者,,,,2,．,from,表示源于某种物质（看不出原材料）,,,Good wine is made from grain.,,,,3,．,of,表示用某种材料制成（看得出原材料）,,,The table is made of wood.,,,,4,．其他介词,,,He is known to everybody.,大家都认识他She was caught in the rain.,她遭雨淋了29,,精选ppt,下列句子变成被动语态时，要用,with,，不用,by,,1.Smoke filled the meeting room.,,,,,,2.A cloth covered the table.,,,,→,→,The meeting room was filled with smoke.,,The table was covered with a cloth.,30,,精选ppt,动词的语态考查注意点：,,一、中国人的思维的着眼点在动作的施动者，英美人思维的着眼点在动作的承受者,。
中国人常这样说：,I expect you to be there on time.,英美人常这样说：,You are expected to be there on time.,,,,Having a trip abroad is certainly good for the old couple, but it remains ___ whether they will enjoy it. A. to see B. to be seen C. seeing D. seen,,,,it,是动词,see,说表示动作的承受者，即“到国外旅行”这件事，这件事有待于“被决定”，应使用动词不定式的被动形式31,,精选ppt,二、动词无被动语态的特殊词,,1,．受动词的限制,,①表示状态的及物动词，只能用于主动语态如,have, own, cost, lack, want (,缺乏,), bee (,适合,), fit, resemble, fail, last, flee, benefit, hold,等作谓语时，不能变为被动句She resembles her mother.,,He lacks self-confidence.,,This hall can hold 2,000 people.,,②,当及物动词,have,表示“吃饭”、“患病”、“明白”、“知道”等意思时，没有被动语态形式。
Would you have a cup of tea,？,,,She had a bad cold yesterday, and now she is feeling much better.,,,,32,,精选ppt,③,当动词,get,，,take,表示“懂得”、“知道”，,owe,表示“欠”，,cost,表示“使失去,(,生命、健康等,)”,的意思时，动词没有相应的被动语态How do you take this passage,？,,,His careless driving cost his life.,,2,．受宾语的限制,,①当宾语是相互代词、反身代词或具有类似相互代词的关系时，动词不能用于被动语态形式For years the two sisters looked after one another.,②不可拆开的短语动词，如,take place, lose heart, belong to, consist of,,等，也不能改为被动语态33,,精选ppt,,必背：一些常见的不能变为被动语态的动宾词组,,catch a cold/ lose heart/ lose patience,,make a face /make up one's mind /keep silence take place,发生,,,take one's time,从容不迫，别着急,,,take office,就职,,,take one's leave,请假,,,take notes,作笔记,,,take up arms,拿起武器,,,take one's place,就位,34,,精选ppt,三、谓语动词的主动形式表示被动意义,1,.,英语中有很多动词如,break,，,catch,，,clean,，,drive,，,lock,，,open,，,sell,，,read,，,write,，,wash,等，当它们被用作不及物动词来描述主语特征时，常用其主动形式 表达被动意义,,,主语通常是物。
This kind of cloth washes well.,注意：主动语态表被动强调的是主语的特征，而被动语态则强调外界作用造成的影响 试比较：,The door won‘t lock,． （指门本身有毛病）,The door won’t be locked,． （指不会有人来锁门,,,指“门没有锁”是人的原因,）,35,,精选ppt,三、谓语动词的主动形式表示被动意义,2.,,表示“发生、进行”的不及物动词和短语，如：,happen, last, take place, break out, e out, e about, e true, run out, give out, turn out,等以主动形式表示被动意义How do the newspapers e out?,,3.,系动词没有被动形式,,,但有些表示感受、感官的连系动词,feel, sound, taste, book, feel,等在主系表结构中常以主动形式表示被动意义Your reason sounds reasonable.,,36,,精选ppt,四、非谓语动词的主动形式表被动意义,,,句型中可用动名词和不定式的主动形式表被动意义 。
1,． 在,need,，,want,，,require, bear,等词的后面，动名词用主动形式表示被动意义，其含义相当于动词不定式的被动形式The house needs repairing,（,to be repaired,）．,,2,． 形容词,worth,后面跟动名词的主动形式表示被动含义，但不能跟动词不定式；而,worthy,后面跟动词不定式的被动形式The picture-book is well worth reading,．（＝,The picture-book is very worthy to be read,．）,37,,精选ppt,3.,动词不定式在名词后面作定语，不定式和名词之间有动宾关系时，又和句中另一名词或代词构成主谓关系,,,不定式的主动形式表示被动含义I have a lot of things to do this afternoon,．,,,I’ll go to the post office. Do you have a letter to be posted?,,4.,在某些,“形容词＋不定式”,做表语或宾语补足语的结构中，句子的主语或宾语又是动词不定式的逻辑宾语时，这时常用不定式的主动形式表达被动意义。
这些形容词有,nice,，,easy,，,fit,，,hard,，,difficult,，,important,，,impossible,，,pleasant,，,interesting,等This problem is difficult to work out .,(,此处用不定式的被动语态作定语表明,you,不是,post,动作的执行者),,（可看作,to work out,省略了,for me,）,.,,38,,精选ppt,5.,在,too… to…,结构中，不定式前面可加逻辑主语，所以应用主动形式表示被动意义This book is too expensive (for me) to buy. 6.,在,there be…,句型中，当动词不定式修饰名词作定语时，不定式用主动式作定语，重点在人，用被动形式作定语，重点在物There is no time to lose,（,to be lost,）,,7.,在,be to do,结构中的一些不定式通常应用主动表主动,,,被动表被动然而,,,由于古英语的影响,,,下列动词,rent,blame,let,等仍用不定式的主动形式表示被动意义。
Who is to blame for starting the fire?,用,to lose,可看成,for us to lose,；用,to be lost,，谁,lost time,不明确39,,精选ppt,这样考过,,⑰,(,洛阳统考,),—,Honey,，,this is a present for your birthday.,,—,Ah,！,A pair of shoes,，,Nike,！,I think it ________ fortable.,,A,．,wears B,．,is worn,,C,．,is wearing D,．,has worn,,解析：,it wears fortable,它穿起来很舒服答案：,,A,40,,精选ppt,⑱(,郑州预测,),—,I'd like a pen which ________ well.,,—,Will this one ________,？,,A,．,writes; help B,．,writes; do,,C,．,is written; work D,．,is written; help,,解析：,考查动词的语态和动词辨析。
第一空表示,“,一支好用的钢笔,”,，用主动语态而不用被动，因此空白处填,writes,答语说：这支笔可以吗？表示,“,行，可以,”,用动词,do,答案：,B,41,,精选ppt,⑲(,北京五中,)Our house has reached the point where so many things need ________ and it's so hard to find the time to fix them.,,A,．,to do up B,．,doing up,,C,．,to put up D,．,putting up,,答案：,B,42,,精选ppt,这样考过,,⑳,(,武汉,)Mom's spent the day shopping,，,cleaning and cooking and now she________.,,A,．,has worn out B,．,is worn out,,C,．,is wearing out D,．,wears out,,解析：,本题的第一分句用的是现在完成时，再根据时间状语,now,可知指现在状况，所以用一般现在时，,be worn out,意为,“,筋疲力尽,”,。
答案：,B,43,,精选ppt,用被动语态表示主动,,A,．反身动词的被动形式表示主动意义,,反身动词（及物动词,+,反身代词）作谓语时，其宾语反身代词，表示动作返回到执行者本身，主语既是动作的执行者，又是动作的承受者由于反身动词具有这一特点，在被动结构中动作的承受者，也就是动作的执行者，在句中表现出主动的意义He,seats himself,at the back of the classroom.,,-- He,is seated,at the back of the classroom.,,,He,lost himself,in the forest.,,-- He,was lost in,the forest.,,,He,dressed himself in,a dark blue suit.,,-- He,was dressed in,a dark blue suit.,44,,精选ppt,用被动语态表示主动,,,B,．“引起,……,感情”等动词的被动形式表主动意义,,The teacher is satisfied with what he said.,,,We are opposed to unjust wars.,,,,We are prepared to accept his proposal.,,,He was tired with playing all day.,45,,精选ppt,用被动语态表示主动,,C,．某些表示定位、移位的动词,,1.The earth is tilted a little.,,2.Hundreds of soldiers were stationed around the prison.,,3.The village is located at the foot of a hill.,.,,,,E,．表示终止动词的,-ed,形式,,,He is done with it.,他做完了这件事。
My fever is gone, but I still have a cough.,,,F,．一些习惯用法,,,He was graduated from Beijing University.,,You are mistaken.,你弄错了He is retired.,他退休了46,,精选ppt,,,单项填空,,1,．,The students said hello to the teacher and ________ with a smile.,,A,．,were rewarded B,．,was rewarded,,C,．,have rewarded D,．,has rewarded,答案与解析：,A,,“,学生们向老师问好，老师回应给他们一个微笑应该是,“,学生们被回应,……”,由句意可知此处为被动，故,C,、,D,排除；又,“,the students,”,做主语，所以谓语动词为,“,were,”,，,故选,A,项47,,精选ppt,2,．,—,Have the traffic police caught the driver?,,—,Yes.He ________ only two hours after the accident occurred.,,A,．,was caught B,．,caught,,C,．,has caught D,．,has caught,,答案与解析：,A,表示过去某一时间点发生的事用过去式。
He,和,caught,形成被动关系，用被动语态48,,精选ppt,3,．,—,The windows must have taken you quite a long time that day.,,—,Right.They ________ for weeks.,,A,．,haven't been cleaned B,．,didn't clean,,C,．,hadn't been cleaned D,．,haven't cleaned,,答案与解析：,C,考查时态第一句话的谓语动词是,must have taken,，说明此处是对过去发生的事情的推测；答语,“,好几个星期没有打扫了,”,发生在,that day,之前，表示过去的过去，因此用过去完成时49,,精选ppt,4,．,The advanced high,,speed railway ________ in the year 2012,，,when the Olympics are to be held in London.,,A,．,will be pleted B,．,has pleted,,C,．,will have pleted D,．,will plete,,答案与解析：,A,考查谓语动词的时态。
句中的时间状语,in the year 2012,暗示应该用将来的某种时态，主语,“,The advanced high,,speed railway,”,是动作的承受者，因此应用被动语态，只有选项,A,为被动语态，答案为,A,50,,精选ppt,5,．,—,Why do you look so worried?,,—,My puter broke down and my essay ________ since.,,A,．,has been left unfinished,,B,．,has left to finish,,C,．,was left to finish,,D,．,had been left unfinished,,答案与解析：,A,考查动词的时态和语态由,broke down,和,since,可知时态用现在完成时，且主语与谓语动词之间是动宾关系，故用被动语态51,,精选ppt,感谢亲观看此幻灯片，此课件部分内容来源于网络，,,如有侵权请及时联系我们删除，谢谢配合！,。