情态动词（讲义及答案）情态动词(讲义)一、can, could, may, might 表示请求许可1. 区别Can I take the book away?Could I take the bookaway? May I take the bookaway? Might I take thebook away?语气的委婉程度从高到低为 can, could, may, might2. can, could, may, might表示请求许可时的回答—Can you give me ano ther cha nee?—Yes, I can. No, I can' t.—Could I look at your pictures?—Yes, of course you ./ — I am sorry you .用could提问，表示“能,，吗？ ”，若表示同意用can,不同意用 can'，注意不用could来回答—May I speak to you for a mome nt in private, please?May表示请求许可时，常常与第一人称I连用，构成“May I…？ 句式，表示“我可以，，吗？”肯定回答用 Yes, you may. / Yes, please. / Yes, of course.否定回答用 No, you can' t/ No, youmustn' t. ()— May I smoke here?— , you . It can be dan gerous.A. Yes; can B. No; can ' t Yfes; may D. No;n eed n' t Might I come in?Might I borrow some mon ey?might用于礼貌的询问是否能做某事，常出现在口语中，用法稍 显过时。
肯定回答通常用may，否定回答可以用can'或者mustn'练 习：( )—Can I get you a drink? — . I am not thirsty.A. That' very nice of you B. No, you don ' t have——C. Yes, please D. With pleasure1( )—May I leave the classroom now?—No, you . You shouldn ' t leave until the belrings.A. may not B. can't C. n eed n't D. could n 't( )— you pass me a pen? I ' d like to writedow n the teleph one nu mber.A. Need B. Could C. Must D.Should ( )—Could I use your eraser for awhile?—Yes, of course you .A. could B. will C. can D. should二、情态动词和短语情态动词1. 情态动词n eedThe little girl n eeds to get some sleep.I needed two more days to finish thework. Do you n eed to have some coffee?need作实义动词，有人称，时态的变化。
接动词时，用动词不定 式—Need I come here before eight tomorrow morning?—No, you needn ' t.need作情态动词时，常用于否定句和疑问句中判 断下列句子中的n eed属于实义动词还是情态动词Tom needs to have a rest after a day' working. Need I pay the dishes now? He didn ' t need to gthe hospital. He needn ' t have gone to hospital he onl—had a cold. dare v.敢于I would n ever dare to steal things from stores. Do you dare to tell her what I said?I didn ' t dare to look at him.I daren ' t tell my mother the truth.dare可以做实义动词，后面接动词不定式(口语中 to可以省略 )也可做情态动词，常用于否定句和疑问句。
shallWe shall be away n ext week.I shall be in Henan n ext Friday.I/we shall，用于表示未来要做的事Shall I ope n the win dow?Shall we meet at six, OK?What shall I make fordinner?shall l/we，”好吗？要不要”？用于提建议或要求他人做 请补充完整下面的对话A: How can we go there?B: We can go there bybus.A: How long will it take us to getthere? B: About half an hour.A: ?B: Let ' s meet at the bus stop at 7 o ' clock.2. 短语情态动词have to “不得不”，使用时有人称和时态的变化Mybrother has to eat an egg every day.You don ' t have to be here tomorrow.had better “最好”You had better stay at home tomorrow, for it will rain heavily.Tina had better not put off the plan because it is very important. 否定形式为 had better not would rather “宁愿”I would rather go there with you.我宁愿不去电影院。
I would rather not go to thecinema.否定形式为 wouldrather not ought to1表义务，意为"应该"（因责任、义务等该做），口气比should 稍重You are his father. You ought to take care ofhim. You ought not to smoke so much.2）表推测，暗含很大的可能，语气较弱，可翻译为“应该 ,, 吧”Han Mei ought to know his teleph one nu mber.There ' s a fine sun set; it ought to be a fine day tomorrow.三、情态动词加完成时1. 情态动词表示对现在情况的推测It ' s just five o ' clock. Mary must be staying on bed now.肯定推测That can ' t be Tom. He went to Beijing yesterday.否定推测He may/might be in China now.可能性推测2. 情态动词表示对过去情况的推测must have doneHe must have arrived in Henan at that time.Lucy must have fini shed the book before she retur ned it.昨晚一定有人进来这个房间了。
Somebody in the room last ni ght.must have done 对过去的肯定推测，翻译为“一定 ,,了”can' t have doneMiss Li can ' t have gone to Shanghai. I met her yesterday. He can ' t have done that because he stayeWith me at that time. can 'have do ne，对过去的否定推测，翻译为“不可能做了 ,, ”Jimmy不可能打扫了房子，因为他昨天就不在家Jimmy can ' t have cleaned up the house because he was not at home yesterday.3. 情态动词表示对过去情况的虚拟should have doneTom, you are too lazy. The work should have been finished yesterda. You should have told me about it earlier.My father should have got home at seve n but his car broke off on the way.should have done翻译为“本应该,,了（但实际没有）也可用 ought to have done）我本就应该知道他是在骗我的。
I that he was lyi ng to me.needn' t have doneYou needn ' t have done it by yourself. You could ask others for help. My mom needn ' t have told me these words. I knew how to do it.I n eed n't have bought so much food — only five people came.needn' t have done®译为“本不应该做,,（实际做了）' couldhave doneYou could have got higher scores. 4I could have bee n there yesterday, but I met Tom on the way.could have done “本能够,,”（实际未能做某事）练习:)The ground is wet. It have rained last ni ght.A. ca n 't B. n eed n't C. should D. must)Mr. Smith have gone to Beiji ng, for I saw him inC. can' tthe library just now.D. shouldA. must B. n eed n't四、1.have finished)Theyit was raining hard.A. must B. couldthe workC. shouldyesterday, butD. needn't)I have bought so much wine — o。