The Attributive Clause The Attributive Clause 基本概念基本概念一个句子充当定语称之为定语从句一个句子充当定语称之为定语从句被修饰限定的词叫先行词，引导定语从句的词叫被修饰限定的词叫先行词，引导定语从句的词叫关系词，包括关系代词和关系副词关系词，包括关系代词和关系副词定语从句可分为两种，即限制性定语从句和定语从句可分为两种，即限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句非限制性定语从句 The boy is Tom. The boy is smiling. The boy who is smiling is Tom. Antecedent(先行词先行词)Relative pronoun(关系代词关系代词)The farm is very large. I work on the farm.The farm where I work is very large.Antecedent(先行词先行词)Relative adverb(关系副词关系副词) 关系词关系词关系代词关系代词关系副词关系副词thatwhichwhomwhoseaswhenwhywhowhere 正确使用关系正确使用关系 词词主语主语宾语宾语表语表语定语定语状语状语指指代代人或物人或物功功能能指指代代时间时间地点地点原因原因功功能能 1.I shall never forget the days _____ we worked together and the days __________ we spent together. vi.vt.whenwhich/that2. Those _____ have plenty of money will help their friends. These apples are rotten. You’d better choose those ______ are still green.who 3. The pen _________ Tom sent me as my birthday present was lost. I have lost my pen , _______ I like very much.that/ whichwhichpeoplewhichapples 选择依据：选择依据： 1）弄清关系词在从句中作什么成分，是主语、）弄清关系词在从句中作什么成分，是主语、 宾语、定语还是状语宾语、定语还是状语2）辨别先行词表示的是人、物、事还是时间、）辨别先行词表示的是人、物、事还是时间、 地点、原因地点、原因3）判断从句是限制性的还是非限制性的）判断从句是限制性的还是非限制性的(只有只有that,why不能引导非限制性从句不能引导非限制性从句) 1.The period during when people learned to smelt (熔炼熔炼) iron is called the Iron Age.2 . Human beings are social animals whom usually prefer to live in groups.3. The man, of whose red car is parked in front of our house, is a dentist in the town.4. During the Industrial Revolution, people moved to cities which many factories had been built.5. The house where he lives in needs repairing.whichwhowherewhichin 关系词的使用关系词的使用---重点及考点重点及考点 关系词关系词关系代词关系代词关系副词关系副词thatwhichwho(m)whoseaswhen where why1.只用只用that的情况的情况2.which 引导的非限引导的非限 制性从句制性从句3.as的用法的用法 4.where 从句修饰抽象从句修饰抽象 名词名词 1. All _____ is needed is a supply of oil. 2. They talked nearly two hours about the people and the things _____ they remembered in the village.3. This is not the only apple ____ has rotten away.4. It’s the longest train ____ I have ever seen.5. Who ____ has seen the film doesn’t admire it? thatthatthatthatthat 1. 在以下几种场合只能用在以下几种场合只能用thatA.先行词先行词(指物指物)本身是不定代词或先行词被不定本身是不定代词或先行词被不定 代词修饰代词修饰B.先行词兼有指人和指物的名词先行词兼有指人和指物的名词C.先行词先行词(指物指物)被被 the very, the only, the next, the last 等修饰等修饰D.先行词先行词(指物指物)被形容词最高级和序数词修饰被形容词最高级和序数词修饰E. 当主句是当主句是which/who引导的特殊疑问句引导的特殊疑问句 1.She heard a terrible noise, _____brought her heart into her mouth. (NMET1991) A. it B. which C. this D. that2.Carol said the work would be done by October, _____ personally I doubt very much. (NMET 1999) A. it B. that C. as D. which 3. Dorothy was always speaking highly of her role in the play, _____, of course, made the others unhappy. (NMET 2000) A. who B. which C. this D. what which 引导的非限制性定语从句在高考中出现引导的非限制性定语从句在高考中出现频率极高，其特点是：频率极高，其特点是：指代多样，既可以指代一个先行词，又可以指代指代多样，既可以指代一个先行词，又可以指代 主句的一部分或整个主句；主句的一部分或整个主句；位置固定，只能位于主句之后；位置固定，只能位于主句之后；译法灵活，通常做进一步解释说明。
译法灵活，通常做进一步解释说明 1.1.asas引导的引导的限制性限制性定语从句定语从句此时先行词前常被此时先行词前常被such,the same, so,as 修饰，修饰，即构成即构成such…as , the same …as, so…as, as…as结构，做题时容易结构，做题时容易 忽略提示：提示：在做有关定语从句题目时，如果选项中在做有关定语从句题目时，如果选项中 出现出现as, 请先考虑是否考查请先考虑是否考查as 引导的定语引导的定语 从句as 作为关系代词，既可以引导限制性定语从句，作为关系代词，既可以引导限制性定语从句，又可以引导非限制性定语从句，在从句中做主语、又可以引导非限制性定语从句，在从句中做主语、宾语或表语宾语或表语. 1. She is such a lovely girl _____ is liked by everybody. A. what B. as C. that D. whichShe is such a lovely girl that ________________________she is liked by everybody.(结果状语从句）结果状语从句）2. Here is so big a stone _____no man can lift.as动宾动宾Here is so big a stone that _________________.no man can lift it主谓主谓 Your new dictionary is just the same dictionary as I bought last week.I’ve never seen such a clever child as he is. 我从未见过像他这么聪明的孩子。
我从未见过像他这么聪明的孩子你的新字典和我上个礼拜买的是一样的你的新字典和我上个礼拜买的是一样的As many children as came here were my father’s students.来这儿的孩子都是我爸爸的学生来这儿的孩子都是我爸爸的学生so asclever a childhe is.表表 系系宾宾 动动 主主 谓谓 2. As 引导的非限制性定语从句也是高考经常考查引导的非限制性定语从句也是高考经常考查 的重点的重点1) _____ is mentioned above, the number of the students in senior high school is increasing. (1999 上海高考）上海高考） A. Which B. As C. That D. It2)____ is known to everybody, the moon travels round the earth once every month.(NMET 2001) A. It B. As C. That D. What 正如我们都知道的，正如我们都知道的， 是贝尔发明的。
是贝尔发明的As we all know, the telephone was invented by Bell.The telephone, as we all know, was invented by Bell.The telephone was invented by Bell ,as we all know. 其特点是：指代唯一，即整个主句其特点是：指代唯一，即整个主句 位置灵活，可位于主句之后，之前位置灵活，可位于主句之后，之前 或之中或之中 译法固定，通常译为译法固定，通常译为“正如正如…”指代多样，既可以指代一个先行词，又可以指代指代多样，既可以指代一个先行词，又可以指代 主句的一部分或整个主句；主句的一部分或整个主句；位置固定，只能位于主句之后；位置固定，只能位于主句之后；译法灵活，通常做进一步解释说明译法灵活，通常做进一步解释说明要注意与要注意与which引导的非限制性定语从句区分引导的非限制性定语从句区分 She married him, as is unexpected. The result of the experiment was very good, ____ we hadn’t expected. (2000 京、皖春季高考）京、皖春季高考） A. as B. that C. which D. whatwhich is unexpected.as is expected.× ：：as is well known/ is known to allas has been said beforeas has been already pointed outas we all can seeas is expected/ hoped/ supposed,.as is often the case……as引导非限制性定语从句常见结构有引导非限制性定语从句常见结构有众所周知众所周知如前所述如前所述正如已经指出的正如已经指出的正如我们所看到的正如我们所看到的正如所盼望的正如所盼望的/ 希望的希望的/料想的料想的情况常常如此情况常常如此 4. where引导的定语从句先行词大多数情况下是引导的定语从句先行词大多数情况下是 表示地点的名词，但也有特殊情况。
如：表示地点的名词，但也有特殊情况如： 1) I’ve come to the point _____ I can’t stand him. A. which B. that C. where D. why2)He’s got himself into a dangerous situation___ he is likely to lose control over the plane.(2001上海）上海） A. where B. which C. while D. why解析：解析：在这两句中，在这两句中，where 引导的定语从句分别引导的定语从句分别修饰修饰point和和situation, 表示抽象意义表示抽象意义“到了某种地到了某种地步，在某种境况中步，在某种境况中”又如： There are some cases where this rule doesn’t hold good.He had to face the conditions where pressure was heavy.I will show you the point where you fail.在一些情况下这条规则不适用。
在一些情况下这条规则不适用他必须面对压力很大的情况他必须面对压力很大的情况我将指出你的失败所在我将指出你的失败所在 ThankThank You You 关系词的使用关系词的使用---难点及考点难点及考点关系词关系词关系代词关系代词关系副词关系副词thatwhichwho(m)whoseaswhen where why1.只用只用that的情况的情况2.which 引导的非限引导的非限 制性从句制性从句3.as的用法的用法 4.where 从句修饰抽象从句修饰抽象 名词名词 5.where 引导的定语从句容易和其引导的地点引导的定语从句容易和其引导的地点 状语从句混淆状语从句混淆She found her notebook the place where she had tea with her friends yesterday afternoon.一一. 关系词的选择关系词的选择---常见考点常见考点(关系副词关系副词)She found her notebook at the place where she had tea with her friends yesterday afternoon.She found her notebook where she had tea with her friends yesterday afternoon.(where引导定语从句引导定语从句)(where引导地点状语从句引导地点状语从句) The reason _____ he came late was that his car broke down on the way.The reason_____ he gave was unreasonable. The film brought the days back to the middle-aged people_____ they worked in the countryside.whywhenwhoThe film draw the attention of the middle-aged people_____ once worked in the countryside.which 二二. . 非限制性定语从句非限制性定语从句 非限制性定语从句既可以修饰主句中的某个名词，非限制性定语从句既可以修饰主句中的某个名词， 又可以修饰整个主句又可以修饰整个主句, 用逗号和主句隔开用逗号和主句隔开,在高考在高考 中出现频率极高。
考试中常涉及的重点、难点是：中出现频率极高考试中常涉及的重点、难点是： 1.1. which 和和as 的选择的选择 两者的区别在：两者的区别在：as 引导的非限制性定语从句既引导的非限制性定语从句既 可放在主句之前，又可放在主句之后，从意思可放在主句之前，又可放在主句之后，从意思 上来说有上来说有 “正如正如”之意，指代整个主句；而之意，指代整个主句；而 which引导的非限制性定语从句引导的非限制性定语从句 一般放在主句一般放在主句 之后，没有之后，没有“正如正如”的意思，且通常不用译出，既的意思，且通常不用译出，既可以指代主句中的某个名词，也可以指代主句的可以指代主句中的某个名词，也可以指代主句的一部分或整个主句一部分或整个主句 2) Carol said the work would be done by October, _____ personally I doubt very much. (NMET 1999)A. it B. that C. as D. which1) _____ is mentioned above, the number of the students in senior high school is increasing. (1999 上海高考）上海高考） A. Which B. As C. That D. It二二. . 非限制性定语从句非限制性定语从句 3) Dorothy was always speaking highly of her role in the play, _____, of course, made the others unhappy.(NMET 2000) A. who B. which C. this D. what二二. . 非限制性定语从句非限制性定语从句 2. 非限制性定语从句和并列句的区别非限制性定语从句和并列句的区别He has many friends, but _____ can give him any help this time.A. all of them B. none of themC. each of whom D. none of whom提示：提示： 做此类题时，要特别注意句中有无并列做此类题时，要特别注意句中有无并列连词（连词（and, but, ,yet, so,while etc.)，，如果有，则如果有，则此句是并列句，就不能再用关系代词，而要用此句是并列句，就不能再用关系代词，而要用人称代词。
人称代词二二. . 非限制性定语从句非限制性定语从句 三三. “. “介词介词 + + 关系代词关系代词””结构问题结构问题 介词介词+关系代词引导定语从句的现象很多，但关系代词引导定语从句的现象很多，但也较复杂，须细加考察其要点如下：也较复杂，须细加考察其要点如下：1.该结构中关系代词只用该结构中关系代词只用whom和和which2. 介词的选用要根据上下文表达的意思，或根介词的选用要根据上下文表达的意思，或根 据先行词的习惯搭配，或根据定语从句中某据先行词的习惯搭配，或根据定语从句中某 些词或短语的习惯搭配些词或短语的习惯搭配Eg. This is the ring __________ she spent $ 1,000. I can’t remember the age _________ he won the prize. on whichat which The writer ___________ all of us are familiar will visit our city.with whom三三. “. “介词介词 + + 关系代词关系代词””结构问题结构问题 1. Recently I bought an ancient Chinese vase, ____ was very reasonable.(2000 上海上海)A.which B. the price of which C. its price D. the price of whose2. The English play____ my students acted at the New Year’s party was a great success.(2004全国全国) A. for which B. at which C. in which D. on which 3. 某些固定的短语动词，在定语从句中一般不宜某些固定的短语动词，在定语从句中一般不宜 将介词分开放在关系代词前，如将介词分开放在关系代词前，如listen to, look at, depend on, pay attention to, take care of 等。
等This is the child I will take care of.(不说不说…of whom I will take care)三三. “. “介词介词 + + 关系代词关系代词””结构问题结构问题 有时对定语从句的考查不仅仅局限于这一个语法有时对定语从句的考查不仅仅局限于这一个语法知识，而是在句中融合了其他一些知识点，如主知识，而是在句中融合了其他一些知识点，如主谓一致，谓一致， 插入语，强调句型，倒装结构插入语，强调句型，倒装结构, 其他从其他从句等等，这就加大了题目的难度，做题时要综合句等等，这就加大了题目的难度，做题时要综合分析，全面考虑分析，全面考虑四四.综合考查综合考查 1. I, who ___ your teacher, will help you. A. is B. be C. am D. are2.He is the only one of the students who ___ a winner of scholarship for three years.(2002上海上海) A. is B. are C. have been D. has been3. He is one of the students who ____a winner of scholarship for three years. A. is B. are C. have been D. has been四四.综合考查综合考查 4. This is Mr. Smith, _____ I think has something interesting to tell you. A. who B. whom C. that D. /5. He made another wonderful discovery, _____ of great importance to science. A. which I think is B. which I think it is C. which I think it D. I think which is四四.综合考查综合考查 6. It is the young man ____ looked for _____ caught the murderer. A. that; who B. that; they C. they; that D. they; which7. It was in Beihai Park ____ they made a date for the first time____the old couple told us their love story. A. where, that B. that, that C. where, when D. that, when四四.综合考查综合考查 8. We all have heard the news_____ our team won. We don’t believe the news _________ he told us yesterday.9. He is such a good teacher _____ all of us love and respect. He is such a good teacher _____ we all love and respect him.10. ____ is known to us all, paper was first made in China. ____ is known to us all that paper was first made in China.四四.综合考查综合考查thatthat/whichasthatAs It 定定语语从从句句关系词的选择关系词的选择非限制性定语从句非限制性定语从句介词加关系代词介词加关系代词综合考查综合考查which which 和和asas的区别的区别只用只用thatthatasas引导限定性从句引导限定性从句省略关系词省略关系词where where 指代抽象指代抽象先行词先行词wherewhere定从和状从定从和状从与并列句的区别与并列句的区别主谓一致主谓一致插入语插入语强调句型强调句型其他从句其他从句 复习指导复习指导：定语从句是高考命题的热点之一，一般放在定语从句是高考命题的热点之一，一般放在单选和短文改错中考查。
常见考点有：单选和短文改错中考查常见考点有： 关系词的选择，关系词的选择，非限制性定语从句，非限制性定语从句，介词加关系代词介词加关系代词和其他知识点的综合考查，和其他知识点的综合考查，要求考生有扎实的基础知识和较强的综合分析要求考生有扎实的基础知识和较强的综合分析能力 一一. 关系词的选择关系词的选择---考点预测考点预测关系词关系词关系代词关系代词关系副词关系副词thatwhichwho(m)whoseaswhen where why1.只用只用that的情况的情况2.as引导的限制性定语引导的限制性定语从句从句3.省略关系代词省略关系代词4.where 的先行词不是表的先行词不是表示具体地点的名词示具体地点的名词5.where 引导的定语从句引导的定语从句和地点状语从句易混淆和地点状语从句易混淆 1.Who _____ has common sense can believe such a thing? A. who B. which C. but D. that2. Can you think out a situation_____ this word can be used? A. which B. that C. where D. with which3. ________ is often the case, we have worked out the production plan. （（04江苏）江苏）A.which B. When C. What D. As 4. John said he‘d been working in the office for an hour, _______ was true. (01全国全国) A.he B. this C. which D. who5.It was a meeting ______ importance I didn’t realize at that time.A.which B.of which C.that D.whoseA During the first week of May I went on a holiday to Sichuan. First , I found some photos of interesting places ________ were not too far away from Chengdu. I decided to go and see the big Buddha(佛佛像像) in Leshan and Mount Emei. Next, I called a travel agent _______ telephone number I found in a newspaper. He told me _______ I could go on a two-day trip to Leshan and Emei,_______ wasn’t too expensive. My friends, Xiao Rong and Wei Bin, with _______ I often go sight-seeing, said they would join me. Then we went shopping together, getting everything ______ was needed ready.which/thatwhosethatwhichwhomthat _______ had been planned, we got up at five o’clock the next day . First, we went to Leshan, _______we climbed all the way up the mountain to see the Buddha. It is such a big Buddha ________ we had never seen. But it was a pity that it began to rain shortly after we arrived. That was the reason ______ we only took a few photos. The next morning, we climbed Mount Emei. There were so many lovely monkeys on the way _________ led to the top of the mountain _________ we spent much time feeding them. Xiao Rong took a photo of the very monkey _______ was sitting on my head. It was really fun to play with the monkeys. Aswhereaswhywhich/thatthatthat Finally, ________ it became dark, we were on the way back to Chengdu. Though we were all very tired, the trip was really forgettable.when 5 .American women usually identify their best friend as someone _____ they can talk frequently. （（04上海）上海）A.who B. as C. about which D. with whom 7. Tom could not say what it was _____ bothered him.A. that B. who C. what D. which ( 2 ) 在以下几种场合只能用在以下几种场合只能用which/ who(m)which/ who(m) 作关系代词作关系代词A.引导非限制性定语从句引导非限制性定语从句B.关系代词前有介词关系代词前有介词 2. The result of the experiment was very good, ____ we hadn’t expected. (2000 京、皖春季高考）京、皖春季高考） A. when B. that C. which D. what She married him, as is unexpected. × , which is unexpected. , as expected. 复习指导复习指导：定语从句是高考命题的热点之一，一般放在定语从句是高考命题的热点之一，一般放在单选和短文改错中考查。
考试的重点在关系词单选和短文改错中考查考试的重点在关系词的选择，非限制性定语从句，介词加关系代词的选择，非限制性定语从句，介词加关系代词等方面，并且常和其他知识点放在一起考查，等方面，并且常和其他知识点放在一起考查，要求考生有扎实的基础知识和较强的综合分析要求考生有扎实的基础知识和较强的综合分析能力幻灯片 22幻灯片 17 5. The gentleman _____ you told me yesterday proved to be a thief. （（2000上海春季高考）上海春季高考） A. who B. about whom C. whom D. with whom 2) He made another wonderful discovery, _____ of great importance to science. (NMET 1998) A. which I think is B. which I think it is C. which I think it D. I think which isPlease make up a situation ____ you can employ this word. A. in that B. in what C. which D. where The stories about this secret person, _____ this is one example, are widely spread among people.A.about which B. of which C. which D. from which 5. 注意复合介词的使用注意复合介词的使用1)Sound is a tool ______ people communicate with each other. A. in which B. by means of which C. by what D. because of which 2) ---What were you doing then? --- I was resting under a tall tree, _____ a rabbit suddenly rushed out . A. from which B. out of which C. from behind which D. where That’s where we differ. 这就是我们的分歧所在。
这就是我们的分歧所在That’s where you’re wrong. 你的错就在这儿你的错就在这儿That’s where the real danger lies. 这就是真正的危险所在这就是真正的危险所在That’s where we help each other. 我们就在这方面互相帮助我们就在这方面互相帮助Don’t look down upon him. He has his own advantages.---Oh, yes. Where others are weak, he is strong.别人的弱点正是他的优势别人的弱点正是他的优势Where there is a will, there is a way. 有志者事竟成有志者事竟成一一. 关系词的选择关系词的选择---考点分析考点分析(关系副词关系副词) 复习指导复习指导：定语从句是高考命题的热点之一，一般放在定语从句是高考命题的热点之一，一般放在单选和短文改错中考查考试的重点在关系词单选和短文改错中考查考试的重点在关系词的选择，非限制性定语从句，介词加关系代词的选择，非限制性定语从句，介词加关系代词等方面，并且常和其他知识点放在一起考查，等方面，并且常和其他知识点放在一起考查，要求考生有扎实的基础知识和较强的综合分析要求考生有扎实的基础知识和较强的综合分析能力。
能力 3. She is wearing the same dress ____ she wore yesterday. A. that B. which C. as D. what提示：提示：当先行词前面有当先行词前面有the same修饰时，关系修饰时，关系代词可以用代词可以用that和和as the same…as意为意为“像像…一样，和一样，和…是一样的是一样的”，，the same…that意为意为“正是同一个正是同一个”一一. 关系词的选择关系词的选择---考点分析考点分析(关系代词关系代词) As引导非限制性定语从句常见结构有：As is well known/ is know to allAs has been said before/As has been already pointed outAs may be imaginedAs we all can see,As was expected. 复习指导复习指导：定语从句是高考命题的热点之一，一般放在定语从句是高考命题的热点之一，一般放在单选和短文改错中考查。
常见考点有：单选和短文改错中考查常见考点有： 关系词的选择，关系词的选择，非限制性定语从句，非限制性定语从句，介词加关系代词介词加关系代词和其他知识点的综合考查，和其他知识点的综合考查，要求考生有扎实的基础知识和较强的综合分析要求考生有扎实的基础知识和较强的综合分析能力 The young man that helped me could speak English.The book that you are reading is written by an American writer.whowhichThe young man with that I talked could speak English.The book for that I paid $10 is written by an American writer. 一一. 关系词的选择关系词的选择---常见考点常见考点(关系代词关系代词)3.省略关系代词：省略关系代词：1)I don’ t like _____ you speak to her. (1996 上海上海)A.the way B. the way in that C. the way which D. the way of which2)Is ____ some German friends visited last week?A.this school B. this the school C. this school one D. this school where 关系代词做从句中的宾语可省略，关系代词做从句中的宾语可省略，此时常考查选择先行词的问题。
此时常考查选择先行词的问题 She married him, as is unexpected. × , which is unexpected. , as expected. 。