Unit 4 Grammar 长难句分析课前自主学习按句子的结构分为三种 :简单句 (simple sentence) 并列句 (compound sentence) 复合句 (complex sentence) (一).简单句 : 只有一个主语 (或并列主语 ) 和一个谓语 ( 或并列谓语 ):Tom likes rock music. Tom and John are fond of rock music.Tom sat down at his desk and began to do his homework. 简单句的五种基本句型1. 主语 +系动词 + 表语 (S+V+P)It is getting warmer and warmer. He looks pretty happy today.2. 主语 + 谓语 (S + V)Our chalk has run out. On hearing the news ， he cheered.3. 主语 + 谓语 + 宾语 (S+V+O) We are having an English class.4. 主语 +谓语 +间宾+直宾 (S+V+O1+O2) He offered me his seat.5. 主语+谓语+宾语+宾补 (S+V+O+C) We should keep our classroom clean and tidy. (二 )并列句 (compound sentence): 把两个或几个简单句用并列连词或分号连接起来，则成为一个并列句。
常用并歹U连词 ：and, both ….and …， not only ….but also ；•• neither ….nor •转折并歹U连词： but， while ， yet 因果并列连词 : for ， so 选择并列连词 :or(三)复合句 ：主句 +从句主句是一个完整的句子 (independent sentenee),它可以独立存在从句是一个不完整的 句子，它必须和一个主句连用，不能独立存在 .复合句类型： 1.名词性从句 (主语从句,宾语从句,表语从句,同位语从句 )；2.定语从句； 3.状语从句划出下歹各句的从句：I want to live in a plaee where the air is fresh.I want to live in where the air is fresh.I will give him the letter the moment I see him.It is well-known that the 2008 Olympie Games will be held on August 8th.As is known to all ， the 2008 Olympic Games will be held in about four months.课堂合作学习分析下列各句的句子成分 并翻译成汉语。
1. Unlike a single advertisement ， an ad campaign is an organized programme of advertisements using various kinds of ads to reach a particular audience.2. Why pleasant smells do not reduce pain in men is a question still to be answered by scientists.3. Today ， athletes from around the world can take part ， no matter what languages they speak.8.On the other hand ， many people ， including some scientists ， disagree and are afraid that， if mankind toys with nature in this way ， we may be on our way to producing a real-life monster.小题检测：1. is known to everybody ， the moon travels round the earth once every month.A. It B. As C. That D. What2.I was told that there were about 50 foreign students Chinese in the school ， most were from Germany.A. study ； of whom B. study ； of them C. studying ； of them D. studying ；of whom3. —What should we do with the passage ？— the main idea of each paragraph.A. Finding out B. Found out C. Find out D. To find out4. Anyone ， once positive for H7N9 flu virus ， will receive free medical treatmentfrom our government.A. to be tested B. being tested C. tested D. to test5. he referred to in his article was unknown to the general reader.A. That B. What C. Whether D. Where6. He didn ' t make clear when and where the meeting would be held.A. thisB. thatC. itD. these7. These shoes look very good. I wonder A. how much cost they areC. how much they cost8. I explained on the phone ，A. When B. After C. AsB. how much do they costD. how much are they costyour request will be considered at the next meeting.D. Since9. --- Why didn ' t you tell him about the meetin？g--- He rushed out of the room I could say a word .A. before B. until C. when D. after10. --- Why didn ' t you tell him about themeeting？--- He rushed out of the room I could say a word .A. before B. until C. when D. after11. .The fact that so many people still smoke in public places ___that we may need a nationwide campaign to raise awareness of the risks of smoking.A. suggest B. suggests C. suggested D. suggesting12. When the news come the war broke out ， he decided to serve in the army.A. since B. which C. that D. because13. The message you intend to convey through words may be the exact opposite of ___others actually understand.A. why B. that C. which D. what14. She has a gift for creating an atmosphere for her students allows them tocommunicate freely with each other.A. which B. where C. what D. who.15. One can always manage to do more things, no matter full one 's schedule is inlife.A. how B. whatC, when D. where课后检测：完成课课练 P68， 69。