专题十八 意图态度,-2-,考情概览 高考《考试说明》指出:每篇文章都有一个特定的写作目的,或是向读者传递某个信息,或是使读者愉悦,或是讲授某个道理而这些信息通常并不明确表达出来,而是隐含在文章之中因此,这类问题要求考生在理解文章总体内容的基础上,去领会作者的言外之意3-,意图态度题就是指针对作者的写作意图、观点态度和对事件的评价设问的阅读理解题目作者在文章中不仅客观地进行叙述和说明,往往还持有某种态度,如对某一观点或赞同或反对,或肯定或批评因此这类题主要考查学生对作者的观点、情感、态度、写作目的和意图的理解能力作者的观点和态度除了直接表达外,还经常在文章中间接表达出来考生可以通过全文的叙述,从文章的主要内容去理解作者的观点;有时作者也会在文章中用特殊的词汇表达自己的思想感情同学们要从文章中的用词、语气或对某个细节的陈述来推断作者的态度、观点等4-,意图态度题考查目标比较明确,题干一般都含有according to the author,attitude,opinion,believe,consider,regard等词或短语这类题目除了考查作者在整篇文章中所表现的态度和写作意图外,有时还考查作者对具体的某个人或事物的态度或评价。
5-,1.意图态度题常见的命题方式有以下几种 (1)In writing the passage,the author intends to . (2)The author writes this passage/text mainly to . (3)The purpose of the passage is to . (4)According to the author, . (5)In the author’s opinion, . (6)The author thinks/believes/suggests/seems that . (7)How does the author feel about.? (8)What is the author’s opinion/idea about.? (9)Which of the following will the author agree/disagree with? (10)The tone of the passage can best be described as .,-6-,(11)What is the tone/mood of the passage? (12)Which of the following can best describe the attitude of the author towards.? (13)The author’s attitude to.is that . (14)How does the author probably feel about.?,-7-,2.意图态度题解题策略 (1)写作目的/意图推测题 此类题型要求考生根据文章的论述,推测作者的写作意图及应用某种写作手法的目的。
作者一般不直接陈述自己的意图,而是通过文章所提供的事实,客观地使读者信服某种想法或意见这种题型不仅要求考生能理解文章的内容,更重要的是一定要对文章主题有正确的把握,而且还要具备对作者所阐述的问题及写作手法进行归纳总结和分析的能力 不同题材的文章可能有不同的目的,概括起来有以下几点:讲述一段有趣的经历、娱乐读者使之发笑(常见于故事类文章);说服读者接受某种观点(常见于广告类文章);告知读者某些信息(常见于科普类文章、新闻报道类文章、文化类或者社会类文章)8-,【典例分析】(2016·全国Ⅲ卷,C) If you are a fruit grower -or would like to become one -take advantage of Apple Day to see what’s around.It’s called Apple Day but in practice it’s more like Apple Month.The day itself is on October 21,but since it has caught on,events now spread out over most of October around Britain. Visiting an apple event is a good chance to see,and often taste,a wide variety of apples.To people who are used to the limited choice of apples such as Golden Delicious and Royal Gala in supermarkets,it can be quite an eye opener to see the range of classical apples still in existence,such as Decio which was grown by the Romans.Although it doesn’t taste of anything special,it’s still worth a try,as is the knobbly(多疙瘩的) Cat’s Head which is more of a curiosity than anything else.,-9-,There are also varieties developed to suit specific local conditions.One of the very best varieties for eating quality is Orleans Reinette,but you’ll need a warm,sheltered place with perfect soil to grow it,so it’s a pipe dream for most apple lovers who fall for it. At the events,you can meet expert growers and discuss which ones will best suit your conditions,and because these are family affairs,children are well catered for with apple-themed fun and games. Apple Days are being held at all sorts of places with an interest in fruit,including stately gardens and commercial orchards(果园).If you want to have a real orchard experience,try visiting the National Fruit Collection at Brogdale,near Faversham in Kent.,-10-,31.What is the author’s purpose in writing the text? A.To show how to grow apples. B.To introduce an apple festival. C.To help people select apples. D.To promote apple research. 写作意图题。
通读全篇,文章主要介绍一个关于苹果的节日——苹果节故选B项11-,(2)态度、观点判断题 作者的态度、思想倾向是指作者对陈述的观点是赞同、反对,还是犹豫不决,对记叙或描写的人、物或事件等是赞扬、同情,还是厌恶、憎恨作者的这种思想倾向和感情色彩往往隐含在文章的字里行间,或流露于修饰的词语之中因此,在推断过程中,应特别注意文中作者的措辞 通常这一类的关键词为:advise,convince(使信服),present, propose,warn等表达作者态度和观点的形容词有:objective(客观的),subjective(主观的),neutral(中立的),positive(积极的),negative(消极的),approval(赞成的),disapproval(不赞成的),indifferent(冷漠的), sarcastic(讽刺的),critical(批判的),optimistic(乐观的),pessimistic(悲观的)等12-,【典例分析】(2016·四川卷,C) In the depths of the French Guianese rainforest,there still remain unusual groups of indigenous(土著的) people.Surprisingly,these people live largely by their own laws and their own social customs.And yet,people in this area are in fact French citizens because it has been a colony(殖民地) of the French Republic since 1946.In theory,they should live by the French law.However,their remote locations mean that the French law is often ignored or unknown,thus making them into an interesting area of “lawlessness” in the world. The lives of these people have finally been recorded thanks to the efforts of a Frenchman from Paris called Gin.Gin spent five months in early 2015 exploring the most remote corners of this area,which sits on the edge of the Amazon rainforest,with half its population of only 250,000 living in its capital,Cayenne.,-13-,“I have a special love for the French Guianese people.I have worked there on and off for almost ten years,” says Gin.“I’ve been able to keep firm friendships with them.Thus I have been allowed to gain access to their living environment.I don’t see it as a lawless land.But rather I see it as an area of freedom.” “I wanted to show the audience a photographic record touching upon the uncivilized life,” continues Gin.“I prefer to work in black and white,which allows 。