1一、英语中的句子成分分析一、英语中的句子成分分析 I I metmet mymy bestbest friendfriend TomTom atat thethe stationstation yesterdayyesterday. .主语主语 谓语谓语 定语定语 宾语宾语 同位语同位语 状语状语1 1、主语：是一句的主体，是全句诉说的对、主语：是一句的主体，是全句诉说的对象，常用名词、数词或代词担任（是全句象，常用名词、数词或代词担任（是全句谈论的中心话题）谈论的中心话题） 例：(1)(1) StudentsStudents study.study.（名词）（名词） (2)(2)WeWe areare fridends.fridends.（代词）（代词）(3)(3)ToTo gogo toto goodgood universityuniversity isis hishis firstfirst goal.goal.（不定式）（不定式）(4)(4)DoingDoing morningmorning exerciseexercise isis goodgood forfor youryour health.health.（动名词）（动名词）(5)(5)JaneJane isis goodgood atat playingplaying thethe piano.piano.(6)(6)SheShe wentwent outout inin a a hurry.hurry.(7)(7)FourFour plusplus fourfour isis eight.eight.(8)(8)ToTo seesee isis toto believe.believe.(9)(9)SmokingSmoking isis badbad forfor health.health.(10)(10)TheThe youngyoung shouldshould respectrespect thethe old.old.(11)(11)WhatWhat hehe hashas saidsaid isis true.true.2 2、谓语：是对主语加以陈述，表示主语的、谓语：是对主语加以陈述，表示主语的行为或状态，常用动词或动词词组担任，行为或状态，常用动词或动词词组担任，放在主语的后面（主语做什么了、怎么了）放在主语的后面（主语做什么了、怎么了） 。
例：例：(1)Students(1)Students studystudy. .（实意动词）（实意动词）(2)We(2)We areare friends.friends.（（bebe 动词）动词）(3)We(3)We lovelove China.China.(4)We(4)We havehave finishedfinished readingreading thisthis book.book.(5)He(5)He cancan speakspeak English.English.（复合谓语）（复合谓语）(6)She(6)She seemsseems tired.tired.(7)I(7)I sawsaw thethe flagflag onon thethe toptop ofof thethe hill.hill.(8)He(8)He lookedlooked afterafter twotwo orphans.orphans.3 3、宾语：表示行为的对象，常由名词或代、宾语：表示行为的对象，常由名词或代2词担任，放在及物动词或代词之后（动作词担任，放在及物动词或代词之后（动作的对象，目标；位于及物动词之后）的对象，目标；位于及物动词之后） 。
宾语宾语分为间接宾语和直接宾语直接宾语指物，分为间接宾语和直接宾语直接宾语指物，间接宾语指人例：间接宾语指人例：(a)He gave me some books.间接宾语间接宾语 直接宾直接宾语语(b)Please pass me the book.(c)He bought me some flowers.(1) I play with him.(2) We love watching football games.(3) He is doing her homework now.(4) I like my job.(5) I love you.(6) He wanted to leave here.(7) They enjoyed playing football games.注：位于介词之后的成分也称之为宾语注：位于介词之后的成分也称之为宾语4 4、宾语补足语：是对宾语进行补充说明，、宾语补足语：是对宾语进行补充说明，宾语和宾语补足语一起构成复合宾语例：宾语和宾语补足语一起构成复合宾语例：(1)I found the book interesting.(2)Do you smell something burning?(3)He made himself known to them.(4)She asked me to lend her a hand.(5)Please make yourself at home.(6)Please keep the dog out.(7)We must keep it a secret. 主动语态变成被动语态后，宾语补足语变主动语态变成被动语态后，宾语补足语变成主补。
例：成主补例：(1)I last saw him playing near the river.→→He was last seen playing near the river.(2)The teacher caught the student cheating in the exam.→→The student was caught cheating in the exam.3(3)We made him monitor.→→He was made monitor.(4)He pushed the door open.→→The door was pushed open.5 5、定语：是用来说明或者限制名词的成分，、定语：是用来说明或者限制名词的成分，常用形容词或者相当于形容词的短语或从常用形容词或者相当于形容词的短语或从句担任（是用来说明名词或代词性质特点句担任（是用来说明名词或代词性质特点的词）的词） 形容词放在名词前，相当于形容词形容词放在名词前，相当于形容词的短语或从句放在名词之后例：的短语或从句放在名词之后例：(1)This(1)This isis a a redred sun.sun.(2)The(2)The blackblack bikebike isis mine.mine.(3)He(3)He isis a a taltall l boy.boy.(4)She(4)She isis a a chemistrychemistry teacher.teacher.(5)The(5)The manman inin blueblue isis mymy brother.brother.(6)The(6)The girlgirl playingplaying thethe pianopiano isis mymy youngeryounger sister.sister.(7)The(7)The ladylady whowho isis wearingwearing redred dressdress isis ourour newnew teacher.teacher.6 6、状语：是用来说明动词，形容词，副词、、状语：是用来说明动词，形容词，副词、介词短语或整个句子的成分，常由副词担介词短语或整个句子的成分，常由副词担任。
修饰动词的可以放在动词之前，也可任修饰动词的可以放在动词之前，也可以放在动词之后；修饰形容词或副词的放以放在动词之后；修饰形容词或副词的放在它们之前例：在它们之前例：(1)The(1)The studentsstudents studystudy hardhard. .(2)I(2)I oftenoften writewrite toto him.him.(3)The(3)The bagbag isis tootoo heavy.heavy.(4)I(4)I willwill bebe backback inin a a whilewhile. .(5)They(5)They areare playingplaying onon thethe playgroundplayground. .(6)He(6)He waswas latelate becausebecause hehe gotgot upup latelate. .(7)He(7)He gotgot upup soso latelate thatthat hehe missedmissed thethe traintrain. .(8)I(8)I waitedwaited toto seesee youyou. .(9)He(9)He oftenoften wentwent toto schoolschool byby busbus. .(10)His(10)His parentsparents died,died,leavingleaving himhim anan orphanorphan. .(11)Please(11)Please callcall meme ifif itit isis necessarynecessary. .4(12)This(12)This bookbook isis veryvery interesting.interesting.(13)He(13)He wentwent toto schoolschool inin spitespite ofof hishis illnessillness. .(14)He(14)He alwaysalways comescomes latelate toto school.school.7 7、表语：系动词后的部分就是表语，表语、表语：系动词后的部分就是表语，表语是用来说明主语的性质或状态。
一般由名是用来说明主语的性质或状态一般由名词或者形容词担任词或者形容词担任常见的系动词有：常见的系动词有：be(am,is,are,were,was),aapear,look,sebe(am,is,are,were,was),aapear,look,seememfeel,smell,taste,sound,keep,turn,becofeel,smell,taste,sound,keep,turn,become,get,grow,come,gome,get,grow,come,go etc.etc.系动词不用于系动词不用于被动语态例：被动语态例：(1)(1)ThisThis tabletable isis longlong. .(2)(2)TheThe appleapple tast。