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1、PRETCO-B 常见语法点汇总1. 疑问词: why (为什么), what(什么),which(哪一个),when(提问时间), where(提问地点),how(怎么样) (2010.6-17,)2. 连词:and(和),or(或者),but(但是),however(然而),notbut(不是而是), bothand(两者都),eitheror(或者或者),neithernor(既不是也不是),if(如果),because(因为),so(所以),therefore(因此),although(虽然),even though (即使),when(当时候,接时间点),while (当时候,接时间
2、段),since(自从),unless(除非) (2010.6-25)3. 固定搭配: there is no doubt that (毫无疑问) (2010.6-19) inform sb. of sth. 通知某人某事 look forward to doing sth. 期望,盼望4. it is/was+形容词+(for sb.)+ to do / that (2010.6-20)5. 强调句:it is/was . that . (2010.6-21,2009.6-18)6. 被动语态构成: Be + 动词过去分词 7. 形容词、副词比较级最高级:“A + be + 形容词/副词比较
3、级 + than + B” A比B更. (2010.6-28)“比较级 + and + 比较级” 或 “more and more +原级” “越来越”e.g. It is getting colder and colder. 天气越来越冷了。 The wind became more and more heavily. 风变得越来越大。 “the + 比较级,the + 比较级” “越越” e.g. The sooner, the better. 越快越好。最高级:the最高级8. spend, cost, take, pay: (2009.12-16)spend的主语必须是人, 常用于以下
4、结构:(1) spend time money on sth. 在上花费时间(金钱)。例:I spent two hours on this maths problem. 这道数学题花了我两个小时。(2) spend time money (in) doing sth. 花费时间(金钱)做某事。(2010.6-33)例:They spent two years (in) building this bridge. 造这座桥花了他们两年时间。(3)spend money for sth. 花钱买例:His money was spent for books. 他的钱用来买书了。cost的主语是物
5、或某种活动, 还可以表示“值”, 常见用法如下:(1)sth. costs (sb.) 金钱,某物花了(某人)多少钱。例:A new computer costs a lot of money. 买一台新电脑要花一大笔钱。(2) (doing) sth. costs (sb.) 时间,某物(做某事)花了(某人)多少时间例:Remembering these new words cost him a lot of time. 他花了大量时间才记住了这些单词。注意:cost的过去式及过去分词都是cost,并且不能用于被动句。take后面常跟双宾语, 常见用法有以下几种:(1) It takes s
6、b. 时间to do sth. 做某事花了某人多少时间例:It took them three years to build this road. 他们用了三年时间修完了这条路。(2)doing sth. takes sb. 时间,做某事花了某人多少时间。例:Repairing this car took him the whole afternoon. 他花了一下午修车。pay的基本用法是:(1) pay (sb.) money for sth. 付钱(给某人)买例:I have to pay them 20 pounds for this room each month. 我每个月要付20
7、英磅的房租。(2)pay for sth. 付的钱。例:I have to pay for the book lost. 我不得不赔丢失的书款。(3)pay for sb. 替某人付钱。例:Dont worry! Ill pay for you. 别担心, 我会给你付钱的。(4)pay sb. 付钱给某人。 例: They pay us every month.他们每月给我们报酬。(5)pay money back 还钱。例:May I borrow 12 yuan from you? Ill pay it back next week. 你能借给我12块钱吗?下周还你。(6)pay off
8、ones money还清钱。9. 英语介词:(介词+名词 / 动词ing) 表示时间的介词:at, on, in, before, after等。一、at, on和inat 表示具体时间点,或后面没有Day 的节日,中午,夜里; 如:at five oclock, at Christmas,at noon, at night on后可以跟表日期、星期、节日的词,还可以指具体某一天的早、中、晚。如:on Sundays, on 1st May, on sunday morning, On a windy afternoon , on Childrens Day.in 泛指一天的早、中、晚,还可以
9、表示一段时间,如:周、年、月、季节等。如:in 2009, in June, in spring, in the morning, in the evening二、before和afterbefore 表示:在之前 before eight o clock 八点之前after 表示:表示之后after lunch 午饭之后三、表示做某事的方法、手段的介词有by, with, in, at, on。 by表示:用,以,靠,通过方式by表示手段时后接动作或制作方式“by + 交通工具”表示交通方式Linda usually goes to work by subway.琳达通常做地铁上班。She
10、makes a living by teaching.她考教书谋生。withwith 表示:用,以。with表示手段时,后接工具、材料或具体内容。write with a pen 用钢笔写eat with knife and fork 用刀叉吃see with ones eyes 用眼睛看inin 表示:用,以。in表示用某种方式,如:颜色、笔墨、语言、声音、服饰等。speak in English 用英语说talk in a high voice 高声说话I wrote a letter in ink.我用钢笔写了一封信。Try to express yourself in English.
11、试着用英语表达一下。四、表示空间的介词:at, on 和 in at 表示:(地点、位置)在 on 表示:(位置)在上面 in 表示:(地点、位置或空间)在里,在中,在上五、 under 表示:在的正下方below 表示:在下方六、 between 表示:(位置、时间、数量等)在之间(两者之间) among 表示:在中间(三者或三者以上之间)10. used to do sth. 过去常常做某事 be used to doing sth. 习惯做某事11. so that 以便,为了(表目的) sothat 如此以致于(表程度)12. as soon as(一就) 引导的句子,从句部分用一般现
12、在时表将来。13. 与 keep 有关的词组:keep doing sth和keep on doing sth 一直做某事,持续做某事,不停地做某事两者意义及用法相同,但后者更强调决心和重要性。如:He kept coughing all morning他整个上午不停地咳嗽。He kept on phoning me, but I really didnt want to talk to him他不断给我打电话,但我实在不想和他说话。keep from (doing) sth(1) 忍不住做某事。如:I couldnt keep from laughing. 我忍不住笑了。(2) 避开或防止(
13、做)某事。如:He keeps from bad company. 他不与坏人为伍。He kept from talking about it. 他避而不谈此事。keep sb fromdoing 使某人不能做某事。如:The rain kept us from going out. 下雨使我们没法出去。We must keep them from getting to know our plans. 我们一定不要让他们知道我们的计划。keep sb (sth) doing sth 使某人(某事)不停地做某事。如:He kept the fire burning. 他让火燃着。keep sb
14、(sth) done 使某人(某事)被。如:Keep you mouth shut and your eyes open. 少说话,多干事。She kept us supplied with food and money. 她为我们源源不断提供食物和钱。keep off 避开,防止,挡住。Please keep off that subject. 请避开那个话题。keep on 继续。如:The rain kept on for several days. 雨一连下了好几天。Keep on until you come to the station. 一直走到车站。14. 感叹句句式:(200
15、9.12-26, 2007.6-19)What + a/an + 形容词 + 单数可数名词 + 主语 + 谓语!How + 形容词/副词 + 主语 + 谓语!15. 定语从句关系代词、关系副词:一 定语从句中关系代词的使用 A. 如果修饰人,一般用关系代词who, whom, whose 或that。在定语从句中作主语的一般用who或that, 作宾语的一般用whom, who或that, 作定语并具有物主性质的用whose。(在定语从句中作宾语的关系代词可省略) I dont like people who/that get angry easily. 我不喜欢容易发脾气的人。 ( 关系代词who/ that在定语从句中作主语,不可省略) Here is the man (whom/ who/ that) you want to see.