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1、Unit 12China一. 本周教学内容：Unit 12 China Part 1二. 重点、难点： 1. 学习若干表示方向、方位及国家、人口、国旗等的词汇 2. 一般现在时和一般过去时的综合运用三. 具体内容：来源:学优中考网xyzkw1. 方位的表达方式（一）in the east 与 on the east的区别 in the east表示我们生活中和地理位置上的绝对方向。如：The sun rises in the east and sets in the west.太阳从东边升起，从西边落下。The Great Wall begins in the east from the Sh
2、anhaiguan Pass and ends at the Jiayuguan Pass in the west.长城东起山海关，西至嘉峪关。on the east表示某事物位于另一事物所朝的方向。这里的方向是相对而言的。如：China faces the Pacific on the east. 中国东临太平洋。The United States faces the Atlantic on the east and the Pacific on the west. 美国东临大西洋，西濒太平洋。 （二）in (to，on，at) the east of 要表示A在B的东部，即：A在B的范围之
3、内时就用“A is in the east of B”，如：Japan is in the east of Asia.日本在亚洲东部。Italy is in the south of Europe.意大利在欧洲南部。如果A在B的东方，即：A在B的范围之外，且相隔有一定的距离，就用“A lies to the east of B”。口语中有时可将to the省去。如：Japan lies (to the) east of China.日本位于中国东方。France lies (to the) east of England.法国位于英国东方。如果A在B的东边(侧)，即：A与B相邻接。就用“A i
4、s on the east of B”. 如：Guangdong is on the south of Hunan.广东在湖南南边。Shandong is on the north of Jiangsu.山东在江苏北边。如果把方位词当作一个整体看，或是看成一点，就 “A is at the east of B” 如：There was a big battle at the north of the Liaodong Peninsula.在辽东半岛的北边有一场大战。如果要表示“A位于B东面100公里处”时我们既可以说“A lies l00km to the east of B”，也可以说“A
5、lies 100km east of B”. 后者在美国口语中更为常见。如：The plane crashed 30 miles south of the city.飞机在离城南30英里处坠毁。Suzhou lies 50 miles to the west of Shanghai.苏州位于上海西面50英里处。 （三）汉语里“东南西北”的先后顺序到英语里就变成了north，south，east，west并由此有了下列中、英文表达上的差异。 东南方：southeast 西南方：southwest西北方：northwest 东北方：northeast如：十三陵位于北京西北50公里处。来源:xyzk
6、w.ComThe Ming Tombs are located about 50 km to the northwest of Beijing.天津位于北京东南120公里处。Tianjin is situated l20 km southeast of Beijing.（四）要表示方位的“偏向”时通常用by 来源:学优中考网正东偏北： east by north正南偏西： south by west正北偏东： north by east正南偏东： south by east如：We are sailing in the direction of east by north.我们正朝着正东偏北方
7、向航行。The island lies south by east from here.那个岛位于此地的正南偏东方向。 2. 一般现在时和一般过去时的应用汉语的时态大多是通过副词来表达的，而英语的时态是靠动词的变化和时间状语来表达的。（1）一般现在时 主要用来表示人、事物的现在状况和特点；表示经常或习惯性的动作，句子中常有often, always, from time to time 等时间状语； 表示客观规律和永恒真理等。He usually goes to work at 7 oclock every morning.She has a brother who lives in New
8、York.The earth goes around the sun.Guangzhou is situated in the south of China.（2）一般过去时表在过去某个特定时间发生且完成的动作，或过去习惯性动作，不强调对现在的影响，只说明过去。常跟明确的过去时间连用，如：yesterday; last week; in 1945, at that time; once; during the war; before; a few days ago; when, I met him yesterday.The train arrived ten minutes ago.What
9、 time did you get up yesterday morning?Yesterday, I was an hour late and I didnt get to work until 9 oclock.They were in Beijing in 1960.They never smoked.四. 语言知识1. population n. 人们Ten per cent of the population lived in poverty.百分之十的人口生活在贫困之中。In 1992 the population of Cairo was approximately 650000
10、0.在1992年开罗的人口几近6500000。a growing/shrinking population人口增长/减少The UN is investigating new methods of population control.联合国正在研究人口控制的新方法。2. land n. 陆地；土地 It is cheaper to drill for oil on land than at sea. 在陆地上开采石油比在海上要便宜。 This sort of land is no good for growing potatoes. 这样的土地不适合种马铃薯。 We want to buy
11、a plot of land to build a house. 我们想买块地来盖房子。 fatherland; motherland; homeland3. background n. 背景 If you listen carefully to this piece of music, you can hear a flute in the background. 如果你认真的听这段音乐，你可以听到背景音上有长笛的演奏。 The artist himself did not paint the backgrounds to his picturesthey were done by his
12、pupils. 这位艺术家并不是亲自完成他的作品的背景创作的它们都是由他的学生完成的。 Can you give me some background on the situation? 可以给我一些这个情况的背景资料么？ The book provides background information on the history of the region. 这本书提供了关于这本书的背景信息。 The school has pupils from many different ethnic/cultural/religious backgrounds. 这个学校的学生有着不同的民族/文化/
13、宗教背景。来源:xyzkw.Com4. palace n. 宫，宫殿 The Queen has agreed to open Buckingham Palace to the public. 皇后同意了向公众开放白金汉宫。5. modern a. 现代的 My grandpas attitudes are very modern, considering his age. 相对于他的年龄来说，我祖父的态度是非常现代的。6. part n. 部分 in part 某种程度上 The deadline for applications is being extended, in part bec
14、ause of the postal strike. 申请的截至日期已经过了，部分是因为邮局的罢工。 He works for a company that makes aircraft parts. 他在一家生产飞机零件的公司工作。7. century n. 一百年，一世纪 The city centre has scarcely changed in over a century. 经过一百多年，市中心几乎没有发生改变。 Hes an expert on fifteenth century Italian art. 他是十五世纪意大利艺术方面的专家。 the turn of the century 世纪之交 Queen Victoria died at the turn of the century. 维多利亚女皇在世纪之交去世了。8. clothes n. 衣服 She usually wears smart/casual clothes. 她经常穿着漂亮/随意的衣服。 Im just putting my clothes on. 我刚刚穿上我的衣服。 Take your clothes off and get in the bath. 脱了衣服然后去洗澡。9. difference
