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1、第一讲怎样保住“基本分”审题要“准”,要点要“全”审题是写好作文的第一步,也是关键一步。下笔千言,离题万里,作文将会被打入低分“冷宫”。“要点全而不漏”是得高分的基本保证,漏掉要点作文档次就会被降低。所以作文首先要从审题、拟点、保住基本分抓起!近几年全国卷基本上都是书信,除了2014年全国卷可划归为图表类作文(用图表作提示,也类同于提纲类作文),其他均为提纲类作文。提纲类作文既像作文,又不完全是作文,因为考生不能离开情景和要求自行立意、选材,随意发挥;它类似于翻译,但又不同于翻译,因为考生必须根据需要进行适当的发挥,因而有较大的灵活性。提纲类作文的写作可以分四步走:审题认真审题,确定体裁、格式
2、、主体时态、要点要求等内容,做到心中有数。明确哪些内容需要表达,哪些无需表达;哪些需要详写,哪些需要略写,哪些内容可以整合。拟点研读题目要求中的关键词,用汉语将其写在稿纸上并作为扩展句子或段落的根据,拟点时要求考生仔细审题,对题目要求中的文字提示、图画、表格等要仔细研读,确保要点全面。补充由于高考作文的提纲比较简单,为了行文连贯和满足词数要求,必须适当补充细节。要注意的是在增加细节时一定要适当,切忌任意发挥、画蛇添足。成文合理使用过渡词和关联词,使结构紧凑、自然流畅、条理清晰。上述步骤可归纳为:审题拟点补充成文。(2015全国卷)假定你是李华,你校英文报“外国文化”栏目拟刊登介绍美国节日风俗和
3、中学生生活的短文。请给美国朋友彼得写信约稿,要点如下:1栏目介绍;2稿件内容;3稿件长度:约400词;4交稿日期:6月28日前。注意:1.词数100左右;2可以适当增加细节,以使行文连贯;3开头语已为你写好。Dear Peter,Id like to ask you to write an article for our schools English newspaper._审题本文为提纲类作文,审题时要注意以下几点:1本文为书信,人称一般以第一人称和第二人称为主。2栏目介绍及内容等以一般现在时为主,同时兼顾书信的特点,会用到表达愿望的情态动词。拟点1英文报“外国文化”栏目介绍。2向朋友约稿及
4、稿件内容要求。3稿件长度:约400词。4交稿日期:6月28日前。补充为了行文连贯和满足词数要求,我们需要补充一些要点,例如:1介绍外国文化受到学生的欢迎,刊登外国朋友家乡的文化。2欢迎写一篇介绍美国人度假、美国中学生生活的文章。3希望对方来信。成文用适当的连接词把所写句子连接起来。Dear_Peter,Id_like_to_ask_you_to_write_an_article_for_our_schools_English_newspaper.The “Foreign Cultures” section in our newspaper is very popular among us st
5、udents. It carries articles written by foreign friends about the cultures of their home countries. Would you please write something about the culture in your part of the United States? And we would especially welcome articles about how Americans spend their holidays and festivals, and the life of Am
6、erican high school students. You can write anything relevant so long as its interesting and informative. 400 words would be fine. Could we have your article before June 28?Im looking forward to hearing from you.Yours,Li Hua(2016日照校际联合检测)假定你是李华,你的美国朋友Jack来信说,他暑假后将到北京大学留学。请你根据以下内容给他写一封回信,告知有关情况。1简单介绍北
7、京大学;2生活便利、居民友善;3留学期间,愿提供任何帮助。注意:1.词数100左右;开头和结尾已经给出,不计入总词数; 2.可以适当增加细节,以使行文连贯。Dear Jack,Im glad to know that you will come to China for further study. Now let me tell you what you are concerned with._Im looking forward to meeting you in Beijing.Yours sincerely,Li Hua审题1本文为信件,属于应用文,格式已给出。2时态以一般现在时为主。
8、3人称主要用第一、第二人称。拟点(用汉语列出本文的要点)1北京大学是中国的顶级大学之一,以其在艺术文化领域的优质教学而闻名;2在这里居住特别便利;3北京的居民对外国人很友善;4如果需要的话,我愿意帮你在大学附近找一个合适的寄宿家庭。补充(用汉语对要点进行补充)1在北京大学学习,你能够在各个方面得到提升;2这是你第一次独自在外国居住,但是你不必为此担心;3北京大学位于北京的商业中心。成文Dear Jack,Im glad to know that you will come to China for further study. Now let me tell you what you are
9、concerned with._Im looking forward to meeting you in Beijing.Yours sincerely,Li HuaOne possible version:Dear_Jack,Im_glad_to_know_that_you_will_come_to_China_for_further_study._Now_let_me_tell_you_what_you_are_concerned_with.As is known to us, Beijing University is one of the top universities in Chi
10、na, which is famous for its excellent teaching in art and culture. Studying there, you are sure to get improved in every aspect. This is the first time for you to live in a foreign country alone, but you dont need to worry about the life there. It is located in the business center of Beijing. Therefore, it is extremely convenient for you to live there. Besides, most of the people in Beijing are both kind and hospitable to foreigners. Id like to help you find a proper host family nearby the university if necessary.Im_looking_forward_to_meeting_you_in_Beijing.Yours_sincerely,Li_Hua