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1、第11课1. 英国的足球运动让外国人最感意外的情况之一就是,这种运动连最小的男孩也似乎了如指掌。2. 在英国，大多数学校都重视足球比欧洲大陆几乎所有的学校都重视得多。3. 当地村民，以不透露村庄名字为条件，给我们提供了详细情况。4. 他们被招募为这些战斗人员炸出新的洞穴群。 5. 这些话表明，些为美国提供情报的人在耍两面派。人类与地球（节选）本世纪，在确定人类与地球关系的物质现实状况的两个因素方面发生了重大变化：一是人口突然惊人地增长每十年增加相当于一个中国的人口；二是科学技术革命突然加速 / 突飞猛进，几乎难以想象地扩展了我们以焚烧、砍伐、挖掘、搬运、和转化构成地球的物质的方式来影响周围世界
2、的能力 / 扩展了我们影响周围世界的能力，方式是焚烧、砍伐、挖掘、搬运和转化构成地球的物质。人口剧增既是人类与地球关系发生变化的原因之一，又是显示 / 说明这一变化之惊人最显著的事例之一，从历史背景来看，尤其如此。自20万年前现代人出现到裘利斯恺撒时代，地球上生活的人类还不到二亿五千万。1500年后，克里斯托弗哥伦布扬帆启航去寻找新世界时，地球上大约有5亿人口。到1776年托马斯杰斐逊起草独立宣言时，人口又翻了一番，到了10亿。到本世纪中叶，第二次世界大战结束时，人口刚好超过20亿。同人口爆炸的情形一样，在18世纪，科技革命开始缓缓加速。这场不断发展的革命也突然以翻番的方式加速进行了。例如，现
3、在许多科学领域有一句公论：近十年重大的发现比以往整个科学史上还要多。诚然，任何单一的新发现对于人类和地球的关系所造成的影响都不及 / 比不上核武器对人类和战争的关系所造成的影响那么深远。然而，这些科学发现合在一起，就从根本上改变了人类开发地球以求生存的累积的能力，使得不加节制的开发的后果不堪设想，同不加节制的核战争的后果毫无二致 / 一模一样 / 如出一辙。这是千真万确的。第12课1. 青春是生命之泉深处的一股清新。2. 旁白这个角色和公主那个角色完全一样重要。3. 简对自己的家庭主妇的角色感到厌倦与无奈，想更多地参与到家庭以外的社会生活中去。4. 我读三年级时，有一天的午餐（情景）我会终生难
4、忘 / 永远难以怀忘。5. 无论我在家里背台词多么容易，一上舞台就一个字也记不起来了。Greening Our Future (II)Ancient Chinese philosophers repeatedly / time and again / over and over again emphasized / stressed mans integration with nature as a supreme virtue / that mans integration with nature was a supreme virtue. Some advocated the golden
5、 mean / the doctrine of the (golden) mean / the middle road, and others (advocated) peacefulness with the world. These sparks of wisdom, unfortunately, / It is unfortunate that these sparks of wisdom have been obscured by history for two thousand years. Now it is time to convert / transform / change
6、 / turn these ideas into action / put these ideas into practice.Before I came to Britain, I read in the paper that, to prevent further soil erosion / the soil (from) being further eroded, local governments in western China have prohibited / forbidden felling and provided new jobs for former timber c
7、utters. I felt / was relieved to read that. But, at the same time, I was concerned / worried that many people still ignored / turned a blind eye to the destruction of nature / the destruction that nature suffered. The environmental issue is ultimately a social issue. / In the final analysis, the env
8、ironmental issue is a social issue. As long as / So long as there are people who pursue / seek short-term benefits at the expense of nature / at the cost of sacrificing nature, nature will continue to suffer. We should have long-term plans to use technology to restore nature / to restore nature by t
9、echnological means instead of robbing / plundering her / rather than rob / plunder her; we should show greater care and love for Mother Nature and for all her children.I was born in a province in western China, where I once met a retired timber cutter. He told me that, before his retirement / before
10、 he retired, he was awarded a medal as the first man in China to cut 100,000 trees. After his retirement, however, he made up his mind to plant / that he would plant twice as many trees as / twice / double the trees he had cut down. Up to now, he has been planting trees for a dozen years or so. I ca
11、n still recall / call to mind his weather-beaten face, and his big, coarse hands. I wish him to be still healthy. I wish the trees he has planted to be thriving / flourishing / luxuriant. And most of all / above all / most importantly, I hope that, just as this old man has been doing, all of us will
12、 give nature back / pay nature back / repay nature twice as much as we take from her. Working with our own hands, we will green our future.第13课1. 这种气质往往见于60岁的老人 / 老翁，而不大见于20岁的小伙子 / 后生。2. 我的一位曾祖母活到92岁，直到临终都（是）令儿孙望而生畏（的人）。3. 我有七十二个孙儿孙女，要是每离开一个都要难过，我的日子就惨了。4. 另一件需要避免的事就是老想和年轻人呆在一起，希望从青年的活力中汲取力量。5. 大约一年
13、半以前，吉姆额头上长了个肿块，做手术把它切除了。奴隶制度与资本主义（二）这就是说 / 这意味着，在从十五世纪至十九世纪末的四百年中，非洲因被抓去当奴隶或被屠杀而丧失了约六千五百万至七千五百万人；而且，这些人是非洲人中的精华，因为在通常情况下，人们不会把老弱病残抓去当奴隶。非洲各国人民能在这场空前的浩劫中幸存下来，而且今天比以前任何时候人数都更多，组织得更好，甚至即将获得彻底的民族解放，确实是人类历史的一大奇迹。但是，非洲对欧洲资本主义、美洲殖民地以及美国资本主义的发展做出的最主要贡献，当然不在于奴隶贸易本身尽管那是有利可图的而在于奴隶制，在于上千万的黑人在长达两个多世纪的时间里被迫从事的无偿劳
14、动 / 无偿的强迫劳动。在说明美国资本主义发展迅速、规模巨大的原因时，史学家们指出了几个因素,这是正确的：一是美国幅员辽阔，资源极其丰富；二是远离 / 没有遭受欧洲那种连续不断的毁灭性战乱，战乱使美国的竞争对手倒退，而美国资产阶级却从中获取暴利；三是好几代人的时间里，欧洲人、亚洲人和拉丁美洲人移居美国，带来了技术和体力（还带来了种族差异，统治和剥削他们也因此而更加容易）。四是长期存在着资产阶级民主共和国这种适合资本主义早期发展和成熟的理想的政权形式 / 存在着资产阶级民主共和国，这是适合资本主义早期发展和成熟的理想的政权形式。所有这些因素都具有重大的意义。第14课1. We must live
15、 up to / be worthy of the expectations of our families and society.2. He had no choice but to / could do nothing but pull up his car, waiting for the train to pass. 3. You are to answer for that. 4. I could tell something from the tone of his voice5. A tremendous weight has been lifted from my mindT
16、he May 4th MovementAfter World War I, the imperialists intensified / stepped up their aggression against China while / and the Northern Warlord government resorted to compromise and capitulation externally / to foreign powers and to ruthless / cruel oppression of the people internally / at home, / the Northern Warlord government compromised and capitulated externally / to fore
